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Polarization
Polarization Po`lar*i*za"tion, n. [Cf. F. polarisation.]
1. The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of
having polarity.
2. (Opt.) A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of
light or heat, in consequence of which they exhibit
different properties in different directions.
Note: If a beam of light, which has been reflected from a
plate of unsilvered glass at an angle of about 56[deg],
be received upon a second plate of glass similar to the
former, and at the same angle of incidence, the light
will be readily reflected when the two planes of
incidence are parallel to each other, but will not be
reflected when the two planes of incidence are
perpendicular to each other. The light has, therefore,
acquired new properties by reflection from the first
plate of glass, and is called polarized light, while
the modification which the light has experienced by
this reflection is called polarization. The plane in
which the beam of light is reflected from the first
mirror is called the plane of polarization. The angle
of polarization is the angle at which a beam of light
must be reflected, in order that the polarization may
be the most complete. The term polarization was derived
from the theory of emission, and it was conceived that
each luminous molecule has two poles analogous to the
poles of a magnet; but this view is not now held.
According to the undulatory theory, ordinary light is
produced by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to
the direction of the ray, and distributed as to show no
distinction as to any particular direction. But when,
by any means, these, vibrations are made to take place
in one plane, the light is said to be plane polarized.
If only a portion of the vibrations lie in one plane
the ray is said to be partially polarized. Light may be
polarized by several methods other than by reflection,
as by refraction through most crystalline media, or by
being transmitted obliquely through several plates of
glass with parallel faces. If a beam of polarized light
be transmitted through a crystal of quartz in the
direction of its axis, the plane of polarization will
be changed by an angle proportional to the thickness of
the crystal. This phenomenon is called rotatory
polarization. A beam of light reflected from a metallic
surface, or from glass surfaces under certain peculiar
conditions, acquires properties still more complex, its
vibrations being no longer rectilinear, but circular,
or elliptical. This phenomenon is called circular or
elliptical polarization.
3. (Elec.) An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic
battery, or the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the
deposition upon them of the gases liberated by the action
of the current. It is chiefly due to the hydrogen, and
results in an increase of the resistance, and the setting
up of an opposing electro-motive force, both of which tend
materially to weaken the current of the battery, or that
passing through the cell.
Meaning of polarization from wikipedia
- Look up
polarization in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Polarization or
polarisation may
refer to:
Polarization of an
Abelian variety, in the mathematics...
-
Polarization (also polarisation) is a
property of
transverse waves which specifies the
geometrical orientation of the oscillations. In a
transverse wave...
-
Political polarization (spelled
polarisation in
British English,
African and
Caribbean English, and New
Zealand English) is the
divergence of political...
- In electrodynamics,
circular polarization of an
electromagnetic wave is a
polarization state in which, at each point, the
electromagnetic field of the...
- In
classical electromagnetism,
polarization density (or
electric polarization, or
simply polarization) is the
vector field that
expresses the volumetric...
-
Political polarization is a
prominent component of
politics in the
United States.
Scholars distinguish between ideological polarization (differences between...
-
property of a
material having a
refractive index that
depends on the
polarization and
propagation direction of light.
These optically anisotropic materials...
- In electrodynamics,
elliptical polarization is the
polarization of
electromagnetic radiation such that the tip of the
electric field vector describes an...
- A
polarization controller is an
optical device which allows one to
modify the
polarization state of light.
Polarization controllers can be
operated without...
- In
social psychology,
group polarization refers to the
tendency for a
group to make
decisions that are more
extreme than the
initial inclination of its...
