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Atomic theoryAtomic A*tom"ic, Atomical A*tom"ic*al, a. [Cf. F. atomique.]
1. Of or pertaining to atoms.
2. Extremely minute; tiny.
Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of atoms, a system which,
assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion,
accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things.
This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was
developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by
Epicurus, and hence is sometimes denominated the Epicurean
philosophy.
Atomic theory, or the Doctrine of definite proportions
(Chem.), teaches that chemical combinations take place
between the supposed ultimate particles or atoms of
bodies, in some simple ratio, as of one to one, two to
three, or some other, always expressible in whole numbers.
Atomic weight (Chem.), the weight of the atom of an element
as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen, taken
as a standard. Binary theoryBinary Bi"na*ry, a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at
a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F.
binaire.]
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts;
characterized by two (things).
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed
according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher
multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by
ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four,
etc. --Davies & Peck.
Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of
an element and a compound performing the function of an
element, or of two compounds performing the function of
elements.
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler
for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is the
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common
logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.
Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four;
common time.
Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the
names designate both genus and species.
Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose
ratio is two.
Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical
compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and
unlike qualities. Binomial theoremBinomial Bi*no"mi*al, a.
1. Consisting of two terms; pertaining to binomials; as, a
binomial root.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Having two names; -- used of the system by
which every animal and plant receives two names, the one
indicating the genus, the other the species, to which it
belongs.
Binomial theorem (Alg.), the theorem which expresses the
law of formation of any power of a binomial. Cell theoryCell Cell, n. [OF. celle, fr. L. cella; akin to celare to
hide, and E. hell, helm, conceal. Cf. Hall.]
1. A very small and close apartment, as in a prison or in a
monastery or convent; the hut of a hermit.
The heroic confessor in his cell. --Macaulay.
2. A small religious house attached to a monastery or
convent. ``Cells or dependent priories.' --Milman.
3. Any small cavity, or hollow place.
4. (Arch.)
(a) The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof.
(b) Same as Cella.
5. (Elec.) A jar of vessel, or a division of a compound
vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of a battery.
6. (Biol.) One of the minute elementary structures, of which
the greater part of the various tissues and organs of
animals and plants are composed.
Note: All cells have their origin in the primary cell from
which the organism was developed. In the lowest animal
and vegetable forms, one single cell constitutes the
complete individual, such being called unicelluter
orgamisms. A typical cell is composed of a semifluid
mass of protoplasm, more or less granular, generally
containing in its center a nucleus which in turn
frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole
being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In
some cells, as in those of blood, in the am[oe]ba, and
in embryonic cells (both vegetable and animal), there
is no restricting cell wall, while in some of the
unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is wholly wanting.
See Illust. of Bipolar.
Air cell. See Air cell.
Cell development (called also cell genesis, cell
formation, and cytogenesis), the multiplication, of
cells by a process of reproduction under the following
common forms; segmentation or fission, gemmation or
budding, karyokinesis, and endogenous multiplication. See
Segmentation, Gemmation, etc.
Cell theory. (Biol.) See Cellular theory, under
Cellular. Cell theoryCellular Cel"lu*lar, a. [L. cellula a little cell: cf. F.
cellulaire. See Cellule.]
Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a
cell or cells.
Cellular plants, Cellular cryptogams (Bot.), those
flowerless plants which have no ducts or fiber in their
tissue, as mosses, fungi, lichens, and alg[ae].
Cellular theory, or Cell theory (Biol.), a theory,
according to which the essential element of every tissue,
either vegetable or animal, is a cell; the whole series of
cells having been formed from the development of the germ
cell and by differentiation converted into tissues and
organs which, both in plants ans animals, are to be
considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with
each other.
Cellular tissue.
(a) (Anat.) See conjunctive tissue under Conjunctive.
(b) (Bot.) Tissue composed entirely of parenchyma, and having
no woody fiber or ducts. Cellular theoryCellular Cel"lu*lar, a. [L. cellula a little cell: cf. F.
cellulaire. See Cellule.]
Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a
cell or cells.
Cellular plants, Cellular cryptogams (Bot.), those
flowerless plants which have no ducts or fiber in their
tissue, as mosses, fungi, lichens, and alg[ae].
Cellular theory, or Cell theory (Biol.), a theory,
according to which the essential element of every tissue,
either vegetable or animal, is a cell; the whole series of
cells having been formed from the development of the germ
cell and by differentiation converted into tissues and
organs which, both in plants ans animals, are to be
considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with
each other.
Cellular tissue.
(a) (Anat.) See conjunctive tissue under Conjunctive.
(b) (Bot.) Tissue composed entirely of parenchyma, and having
no woody fiber or ducts. Corpuscular theoryCorpuscular Cor*pus"cu*lar (k?r-p?s"k?-l?r), a. [Cf. F.
corpusculaire.]
Pertaining to, or composed of, corpuscles, or small
particles.
Corpuscular philosophy, that which attempts to account for
the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest,
position, etc., of the minute particles of matter.
Corpuscular theory (Opt.), the theory enunciated by Sir
Isaac Newton, that light consists in the emission and
rapid progression of minute particles or corpuscles. The
theory is now generally rejected, and supplanted by the
undulatory theory. Dingdong theory
Dingdong theory Ding"dong` the"o*ry (Philol.)
The theory which maintains that the primitive elements of
language are reflex expressions induced by sensory
impressions; that is, as stated by Max M["u]ller, the
creative faculty gave to each general conception as it
thrilled for the first time through the brain a phonetic
expression; -- jocosely so called from the analogy of the
sound of a bell induced by the stroke of the clapper.
Electro-magnetic theory of lightElectro-magnetic E*lec`tro-mag*net"ic, a.
Of, Pertaining to, or produced by, magnetism which is
developed by the passage of an electric current.
Electro-magnetic engine, an engine in which the motive
force is electro-magnetism.
Electro-magnetic theory of light (Physics), a theory of
light which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of
transient electric currents moving transversely to the
direction of the ray. Emission theory 2. That which is sent out, issued, or put in circulation at
one time; issue; as, the emission was mostly blood.
Emission theory (Physics), the theory of Newton, regarding
light as consisting of emitted particles or corpuscles.
See Corpuscular theory, under Corpuscular. Fermentation theory
Fermentation theory Fer`men*ta"tion the"o*ry (Med.)
The theory which likens the course of certain diseases (esp.
infectious diseases) to the process of fermentation, and
attributes them to the organized ferments in the body. It
does not differ materially from the accepted germ theory
(which see).
Fermentation theory of disease 2. A state of agitation or excitement, as of the intellect or
the feelings.
It puts the soul to fermentation and activity.
--Jer. Taylor.
A univesal fermentation of human thought and faith.
--C. Kingsley.
Acetous, or Acetic, fermentation, a form of oxidation in
which alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by
the agency of a specific fungus or ferment (Mycoderma
aceti). The process involves two distinct reactions, in
which the oxygen of the air is essential. An intermediate
product, aldehyde, is formed in the first process. 1.
C2H6O + O = H2O + C2H4O
Note: Alcohol. Water. Aldehyde. 2. C2H4O + O = C2H4O2
Note: Aldehyde. Acetic acid.
Alcoholic fermentation, the fermentation which saccharine
bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast
plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly
or indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic acid, the rate of
action being dependent on the rapidity with which the
Torul[ae] develop.
Ammoniacal fermentation, the conversion of the urea of the
urine into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of the
special urea ferment. CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3
Note: Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate.
Note: Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels
for several days it undergoes this alkaline
fermentation.
Butyric fermentation, the decomposition of various forms of
organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar
worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric
acid. It is one of the many forms of fermentation that
collectively constitute putrefaction. See Lactic
fermentation.
Fermentation by an unorganized ferment or enzyme.
Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions,
in which the ferment acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of
this nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane
sugar into levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute
acids, the conversion of starch into dextrin and sugar by
similar treatment, the conversion of starch into like
products by the action of diastase of malt or ptyalin of
saliva, the conversion of albuminous food into peptones
and other like products by the action of
pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the
ferment of the pancreatic juice.
Fermentation theory of disease (Biol. & Med.), the theory
that most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are
caused by the introduction into the organism of the living
germs of ferments, or ferments already developed
(organized ferments), by which processes of fermentation
are set up injurious to health. See Germ theory.
Glycerin fermentation, the fermentation which occurs on
mixing a dilute solution of glycerin with a peculiar
species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime, and
other matter favorable to the growth of the plant, the
glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic acid,
butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium
(Bacillus subtilis) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are
mainly formed.
Lactic fermentation, the transformation of milk sugar or
other saccharine body into lactic acid, as in the souring
of milk, through the agency of a special bacterium
(Bacterium lactis of Lister). In this change the milk
sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid, presumably
passes through the stage of glucose. C12H22O11.H2O =
4C3H6O3
Note: Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid.
Note: In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the
lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo
butyric fermentation after the manner indicated in the
following equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) = C4H8O2
(butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen
gas).
Putrefactive fermentation. See Putrefaction. Germ theoryGerm theory Germ theory
1. (Biol.) The theory that living organisms can be produced
only by the development of living germs. Cf. Biogenesis,
Abiogenesis.
2. (Med.) The theory which attributes contagious and
infectious diseases, suppurative lesions, etc., to the
agency of germs. The science of bacteriology was developed
after this theory had been established. Germ theoryGerm Germ, n. [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but,
germ. Cf. Germen, Germane.]
1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual; as, the
germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the
earliest form under which an organism appears.
In the entire process in which a new being
originates . . . two distinct classes of action
participate; namely, the act of generation by which
the germ is produced; and the act of development, by
which that germ is evolved into the complete
organism. --Carpenter.
2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle;
as, the germ of civil liberty.
Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny
bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax
bacillus and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have
been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See
Germ theory (below).
Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which
the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body
of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a
process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass
of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the
parent. See Ovum.
Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad.
Germ stock (Zo["o]l.), a special process on which buds are
developed in certain animals. See Doliolum.
Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can
be produced only by the evolution or development of living
germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As
applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that
the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and
multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of
which are either contained in the organism itself, or
transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation
theory. Neptunian theoryNeptunian Nep*tu"ni*an, a. [L. Neptunius belonging to Neptune:
cf. F. neptunien.]
1. Of or pertaining to the ocean or sea.
2. (Geol.) Formed by water or aqueous solution; as, Neptunian
rocks.
Neptunian races (Ethnol.), the Malay and Polynesian races.
Neptunian theory (Geol.), the theory of Werner, which
referred the formation of all rocks and strata to the
agency of water; -- opposed to the Plutonic theory. Plutonic theoryPlutonic Plu*ton"ic, a. [Cf. F. plutonique. See Pluto.]
1. Of or pertaining to Pluto; Plutonian; hence, pertaining to
the interior of the earth; subterranean.
2. Of, pertaining to, or designating, the system of the
Plutonists; igneous; as, the Plutonic theory.
Plutonic action (Geol.), the influence of volcanic heat and
other subterranean forces under pressure.
Plutonic rocks (Geol.), granite, porphyry, and some other
igneous rocks, supposed to have consolidated from a melted
state at a great depth from the surface. Cf. Intrusive
rocks, under Intrusive.
Plutonic theory. (Geol.) See Plutonism. Side-chain theory
Side-chain theory Side"-chain` the`o*ry (Physiol. Chem.)
A theory proposed by Ehrlich as a chemical explanation of
immunity phenomena. In brief outline it is as follows: Animal
cells and bacteria are complex aggregations of molecules,
which are themselves complex. Complex molecules react with
one another through certain of their side chains, but only
when these side chains have a definite correspondence in
structure (this account for the specific action of
antitoxins).
system or theoryDualistic Du`al*is"tic, a.
Consisting of two; pertaining to dualism or duality.
Dualistic system or theory (Chem.), the theory,
originated by Lavoisier and developed by Berzelius, that
all definite compounds are binary in their nature, and
consist of two distinct constituents, themselves simple or
complex, and possessed of opposite chemical or electrical
affinities. Theorbist
Theorbist The*or"bist, n. (Mus.)
One who plays on a theorbo.
Theorem
Theorem The"o*rem, v. t.
To formulate into a theorem.
Theorematic
Theorematic The`o*re*mat"ic, Theorematical
The`o*re*mat"ic*al, a. [Cf. Gr. ?.]
Of or pertaining to a theorem or theorems; comprised in a
theorem; consisting of theorems.
Theorematical
Theorematic The`o*re*mat"ic, Theorematical
The`o*re*mat"ic*al, a. [Cf. Gr. ?.]
Of or pertaining to a theorem or theorems; comprised in a
theorem; consisting of theorems.
Theorematist
Theorematist The`o*rem"a*tist, n.
One who constructs theorems.
Theoremic
Theoremic The`o*rem"ic, a.
Theorematic. --Grew.
TheoreticalPendulum Pen"du*lum, n.; pl. Pendulums. [NL., fr. L.
pendulus hanging, swinging. See Pendulous.]
A body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to
and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. It
is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other
machinery.
Note: The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of
the arc of vibration, provided this arc be small.
Ballistic pendulum. See under Ballistic.
Compensation pendulum, a clock pendulum in which the effect
of changes of temperature of the length of the rod is so
counteracted, usually by the opposite expansion of
differene metals, that the distance of the center of
oscillation from the center of suspension remains
invariable; as, the mercurial compensation pendulum, in
which the expansion of the rod is compensated by the
opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the
bob; the gridiron pendulum, in which compensation is
effected by the opposite expansion of sets of rodsof
different metals.
Compound pendulum, an ordinary pendulum; -- so called, as
being made up of different parts, and contrasted with
simple pendulum.
Conical or Revolving, pendulum, a weight connected by a
rod with a fixed point; and revolving in a horizontal
cyrcle about the vertical from that point.
Pendulum bob, the weight at the lower end of a pendulum.
Pendulum level, a plumb level. See under Level.
Pendulum wheel, the balance of a watch.
Simple or Theoretical, pendulum, an imaginary pendulum
having no dimensions except length, and no weight except
at the center of oscillation; in other words, a material
point suspended by an ideal line. Theoretics
Theoretics The`o*ret"ics, n.
The speculative part of a science; speculation.
At the very first, with our Lord himself, and his
apostles, as represented to us in the New Testament,
morals come before contemplation, ethics before
theoretics. --H. B.
Wilson.
Theoric
Theoric The"o*ric, n. [OF. theorique; cf. L. theorice.]
Speculation; theory. [Obs.] --Shak.
theoric fundTheorica The*or"i*ca, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? (sc. ?), fr. ?
belonging to ? a public spectacle. See Theory.] (Gr.
Antiq.)
Public moneys expended at Athens on festivals, sacrifices,
and public entertainments (especially theatrical
performances), and in gifts to the people; -- also called
theoric fund. TheoricaTheorica The*or"i*ca, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? (sc. ?), fr. ?
belonging to ? a public spectacle. See Theory.] (Gr.
Antiq.)
Public moneys expended at Athens on festivals, sacrifices,
and public entertainments (especially theatrical
performances), and in gifts to the people; -- also called
theoric fund. Theorical
Theorical The*or"ic*al, a.
Theoretic. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Meaning of Theor from wikipedia
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Thor (from Old Norse: Þórr) is a
prominent god in
Germanic paganism. In
Norse mythology, he is a hammer-wielding god ****ociated with lightning, thunder...
- Look up
thal,
Thal, or
thâl in Wiktionary,
the free dictionary.
Thal may
refer to:
Thal,
Lower Austria,
Austria Thal, Styria,
Austria Thal, Ruhla, Germany...
- due to its cool weather. In
Thally block total of 50
Panchayat village.
Thally is
identified as
the backward block in
the district due to its
hilly nature...
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Thor:
Ragnarok is a 2017
American superhero film
based on
the Marvel Comics character Thor,
produced by
Marvel Studios and
distributed by Walt
Disney Studios...
- to
Thor (film).
Wikiquote has
quotations related to
Thor (film).
Official website Thor at
AllMovie Thor at
the AFI
Catalog of
Feature Films Thor at IMDb...
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Ther may
refer to:
Thér.,
taxonomic author abbreviation of Irénée Thériot (1859–1947),
French bryologist Agroha Mound,
archaeological site in Agroha,...
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Thor: Love and
Thunder is a 2022
American superhero film
based on
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Produced by
Marvel Studios and distributed...
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Thor Odinson is a
superhero appearing in
American comic books published by
Marvel Comics,
based on
the Norse Mythology god,
Thor (
Þór).
Created by artist...
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Niklas Birger Thor (born 21
February 1986) is a
Swedish footballer who
plays as a midfielder. He was
commonly known as
Niklas Thor or,
during his marriage...
- S. "On a
Relativistically Invariant Formulation of
the Quantum Theory of Wave Fields." Prog.
Theor. Phys. 1, 27–42 (1946). Koba, Z., Tati, T. and Tomonaga...
