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Amorphous sulphurSulphur Sul"phur, n. [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.]
1. (Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large
quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as
pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic
regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy
materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic
weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral
sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.
Note: It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a
lemon-yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or
flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll
sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a
peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of
gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in medicine
(as a laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is
in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be
obtained in two crystalline modifications, in
orthorhombic octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the
former of which is the more stable at ordinary
temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical
relations, of a group of elements, including selenium
and tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group,
or family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange
butterflies of the subfamily Pierin[ae]; as, the clouded
sulphur (Eurymus, or Colias, philodice), which is the
common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United States.
Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic variety of sulphur of
a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring melted sulphur
into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle
crystalline modification.
Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar.
Sulphur acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid.
Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See Mercaptan.
Sulphur auratum [L.] (Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder,
consisting of antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, -- formerly a
famous nostrum.
Sulphur base (Chem.), an alkaline sulphide capable of
acting as a base in the formation of sulphur salts
according to the old dual theory of salts. [Archaic]
Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, SO2, of a
pungent, suffocating odor, produced by the burning of
sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production of
sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called
also sulphurous anhydride, and formerly sulphurous
acid.
Sulphur ether (Chem.), a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals,
formed like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but
with sulphur in the place of oxygen.
Sulphur salt (Chem.), a salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt.
Sulphur showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling
sulphur in appearance, often carried from pine forests by
the wind to a great distance.
Sulphur trioxide (Chem.), a white crystalline solid, SO3,
obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in
water with a hissing noise and the production of heat,
forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a dehydrating
agent. Called also sulphuric anhydride, and formerly
sulphuric acid.
Sulphur whale. (Zo["o]l.) See Sulphur-bottom.
Vegetable sulphur (Bot.), lycopodium powder. See under
Lycopodium. Bisulphate
Bisulphate Bi*sul"phate, n. [Pref. bi- + sulphate.] (Chem.)
A sulphate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is
replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the
proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice
what it is in the normal sulphates; an acid sulphate.
Bisulphide
Bisulphide Bi*sul"phide, n. [Pref. bi- + sulphide.] (Chem.)
A sulphide having two atoms of sulphur in the molecule; a
disulphide, as in iron pyrites, FeS2; -- less frequently
called bisulphuret.
Bisulphite
Bisulphite Bi*sul"phite, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphurous acid in which the base replaces but half
the hydrogen of the acid; an acid sulphite.
BisulphuretBisulphuret Bi*sul"phu*ret, n. [Pref. bi- + sulphuret.]
(Chem.)
See Bisulphide. Calobates sulphureaWagtail Wag"tail`, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of many species of Old World singing birds belonging
to Motacilla and several allied genera of the family
Motacillid[ae]. They have the habit of constantly jerking
their long tails up and down, whence the name.
Field wagtail, any one of several species of wagtails of
the genus Budytes having the tail shorter, the legs
longer, and the hind claw longer and straighter, than do
the water wagtails. Most of the species are yellow
beneath. Called also yellow wagtail.
Garden wagtail, the Indian black-breasted wagtail
(Nemoricola Indica).
Pied wagtail, the common European water wagtail (Motacilla
lugubris). It is variegated with black and white. The
name is applied also to other allied species having
similar colors. Called also pied dishwasher.
Wagtail flycatcher, a true flycatcher (Sauloprocta
motacilloides) common in Southern Australia, where it is
very tame, and frequents stock yards and gardens and often
builds its nest about houses; -- called also black
fantail.
Water wagtail.
(a) Any one of several species of wagtails of the restricted
genus Motacilla. They live chiefly on the shores of
ponds and streams.
(b) The American water thrush. See Water thrush.
Wood wagtail, an Asiatic wagtail; (Calobates sulphurea)
having a slender bill and short legs. cerulic sulphuricSulphindigotic Sulph*in`di*got"ic, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphonic acid obtained,
as a blue solution, by dissolving indigo in sulphuric acid;
-- formerly called also cerulic sulphuric acid, but
properly called indigo-disulphonic acid. DesulphurizationDesulphurize De*sul"phur*ize, v. t.
To desulphurate; to deprive of sulphur. --
De*sul`phur*i*za"tion, n. DesulphurizeDesulphurize De*sul"phur*ize, v. t.
To desulphurate; to deprive of sulphur. --
De*sul`phur*i*za"tion, n. Deutosulphuret
Deutosulphuret Deu`to*sul"phu*ret, n. [Pref. deuto- +
sulphuret.] (Chem.)
A disulphide. [Obs.]
Disulphate
Disulphate Di*sul"phate, n. [Pref. di- + sulphate.] (Chem.)
(a) A salt of disulphuric or pyrosulphuric acid; a
pyrosulphate.
(b) An acid salt of sulphuric acid, having only one
equivalent of base to two of the acid.
DisulphideDisulphide Di*sul"phide (?; 104), n. [Pref. di- + sulphide.]
(Chem.)
A binary compound of sulphur containing two atoms of sulphur
in each molecule; -- formerly called disulphuret. Cf.
Bisulphide. DisulphuretDisulphuret Di*sul"phu*ret, n. [Pref. di- + sulphuret.]
(Chem.)
See Disulphide. disulphuricPyrosulphuric Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric, a. [Pyro- + -sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also
disulphuric acid) obtained by distillation of certain
sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid, H2S2O7
resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of
indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration. ethyl disulphideThialol Thi"al*ol, n. [Thio- + alcohol + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.)
A colorless oily liquid, (C2H5)2S2, having a strong garlic
odor; -- called also ethyl disulphide. By extension, any
one of the series of related compounds. EthylsulphuricEthylsulphuric Eth`yl*sul*phu"rica. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid.
Ethylsulphuric acid (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl,
H.C2H5.SO4, produced as a thick liquid by the action of
sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active
catalytic agent in the process of etherification. Ethylsulphuric acidEthylsulphuric Eth`yl*sul*phu"rica. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid.
Ethylsulphuric acid (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl,
H.C2H5.SO4, produced as a thick liquid by the action of
sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active
catalytic agent in the process of etherification. Ferric sulphocyanateSulphocyanate Sul`pho*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphocyanic acid; -- also called thiocyanate,
and formerly inaccurately sulphocyanide.
Ferric sulphocyanate (Chem.), a dark red crystalline
substance usually obtained in a blood-red solution, and
recognized as a test for ferric iron. ferrous sulphateCopperas Cop"per*as, n. [OE. coperose, F. couperose, fr.
(assumed?) L. cuprirosa, equiv. to G. cha`lkanqos, i. e.
copper flower, vitriol. See Copper and Rose.]
Green vitriol, or sulphate of iron; a green crystalline
substance, of an astringent taste, used in making ink, in
dyeing black, as a tonic in medicine, etc. It is made on a
large scale by the oxidation of iron pyrites. Called also
ferrous sulphate.
Note: The term copperas was formerly synonymous with vitriol,
and included the green, blue, and white vitriols, or
the sulphates of iron, copper, and zinc. Fuming sulphuric acidSulphuric Sul*phu"ric, a. [Cf. F. sulfurique.]
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell.
2. (Chem.) Derived from, or containing, sulphur;
specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a higher valence as contrasted with the
sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid.
Sulphuric acid.
(a) Sulphur trioxide (see under Sulphur); -- formerly so
called on the dualistic theory of salts. [Obs.]
(b) A heavy, corrosive, oily liquid, H2SO4, colorless
when pure, but usually yellowish or brownish, produced
by the combined action of sulphur dioxide, oxygen
(from the air), steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks
and dissolves many metals and other intractable
substances, sets free most acids from their salts, and
is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric and nitric
acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It is also
powerful dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity
for water, and eating and corroding paper, wood,
clothing, etc. It is thus used in the manufacture of
ether, of imitation parchment, and of nitroglycerin.
It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron
scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and
in general its manufacture is the most important and
fundamental of all the chemical industries. Formerly
called vitriolic acid, and now popularly vitriol,
and oil of vitriol.
Fuming sulphuric acid, or Nordhausen sulphuric acid. See
Disulphuric acid, under Disulphuric.
Sulphuric anhydride, sulphur trioxide. See under Sulphur.
Sulphuric ether, common an[ae]sthetic ether; -- so called
because made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on
alcohol. See Ether, 3
(a) . hepar sulphurisHepar He"par, n. [L. hepar, hepatis, the liver, Gr. ?.]
1. (Old Chem.) Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown
color, sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing
sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium),
and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides. Called
also hepar sulphuris.
2. Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance;
specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also
hepar sulphuris calcareum (?).
Hepar antimonii(Old Chem.), a substance, of a liver-brown
color, obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide with
alkaline sulphides, and consisting of sulphantimonites of
the alkalies; -- called also liver of antimony. hepar sulphuris calcareumHepar He"par, n. [L. hepar, hepatis, the liver, Gr. ?.]
1. (Old Chem.) Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown
color, sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing
sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium),
and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides. Called
also hepar sulphuris.
2. Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance;
specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also
hepar sulphuris calcareum (?).
Hepar antimonii(Old Chem.), a substance, of a liver-brown
color, obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide with
alkaline sulphides, and consisting of sulphantimonites of
the alkalies; -- called also liver of antimony.
Meaning of Sulph from wikipedia
