- The
Spiralia are a
morphologically diverse clade of
protostome animals,
including within their number the molluscs, annelids,
platyhelminths and other...
- a pseudocoelom. The
Spiralia are a
large group of
protostomes that
develop by
spiral cleavage in the
early embryo. The
Spiralia's phylogeny has been disputed...
-
Protostomes are
divided into the
Ecdysozoa (e.g. arthropods, nematodes) and the
Spiralia (e.g. molluscs, annelids, platyhelminths, and rotifers). A
modern consensus...
- (/ləˌfɒtroʊkoʊˈzoʊə/, "crest/wheel animals") is a
clade of
protostome animals within the
Spiralia. The
taxon was
established as a
monophyletic group based on
molecular evidence...
- more
superphyla among the protostomes,
Ecdysozoa (molting animals) and
Spiralia. The
arrow worms (Chaetognatha) have
proven difficult to classify; recent...
- priapulids),
grouped together as Ecdysozoa.
While annelids are
placed among the
Spiralia (making them more
closely related to mollusks,
flatworms and such), having...
-
developmental features are at odds with
deuterostomes and are
either akin to
Spiralia or
unique to Chaetognatha.
Molecular phylogeny shows that Chaetognatha...
-
Animals are
multicellular eukaryotic organisms in the
biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions,
animals consume organic material,
breathe oxygen...
-
Micrognathozoa (Gnathifera):
Evolutionary insight from an
early branch in
Spiralia".
Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160289. doi:10.1098/rsos.160289....
-
scientists have
criticized this argument;
saying it’s
based on
paraphyletic Spiralia, ****ignments of ****ual
modes for the
phylum level than the
species level...
