- The
Spiralia are a
morphologically diverse clade of
protostome animals,
including within their number the molluscs, annelids,
platyhelminths and other...
-
gnathiferans are
direct developers.
Though gnathiferans are
included in
Spiralia,
rotifers and
chaetognaths do not
exhibit spiral cleavage.
Little is known...
-
Protostomes are
divided into the
Ecdysozoa (e.g. arthropods, nematodes) and the
Spiralia (e.g. molluscs, annelids, platyhelminths, and rotifers). A
modern consensus...
- (/ləˌfɒtroʊkoʊˈzoʊə/, "crest/wheel animals") is a
clade of
protostome animals within the
Spiralia. The
taxon was
established as a
monophyletic group based on
molecular evidence...
-
undergo radial cleavage during cell division,
while many
protostomes (the
Spiralia)
undergo spiral cleavage.
Animals from both
groups possess a
complete digestive...
-
developmental features are at odds with
deuterostomes and are
either akin to
Spiralia or
unique to Chaetognatha.
Molecular phylogeny shows that Chaetognatha...
-
recognise at
least two more
superphyla among the protostomes,
Ecdysozoa and
Spiralia. The
arrow worms (Chaetognatha) have
proven difficult to classify; recent...
-
Animals are
multicellular eukaryotic organisms in the
biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions,
animals consume organic material,
breathe oxygen...
- priapulids),
grouped together as Ecdysozoa.
While annelids are
placed among the
Spiralia (making them more
closely related to mollusks,
flatworms and such), having...
-
scientists have
criticized this argument;
saying it’s
based on
paraphyletic Spiralia, ****ignments of ****ual
modes for the
phylum level than the
species level...
