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individual kulaks, and
distributed it
among the
serednyak and bednyak's villages. With the
serednyak and
bednyak joining collectivization they were also...
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Russian peasants into
three broad categories: Bednyak, or poor peasants.
Serednyak, or mid-income peasants. Kulak, the higher-income
farmers who had larger...
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Illustration to the
Soviet categories of peasants: bednyaks, or poor peasants;
serednyaks, or mid-income peasants; and kulaks, the higher-income
farmers who had...
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illustration to the
Soviet categories of peasants: bednyaks, or poor peasants;
serednyaks, or mid-income peasants; and kulaks,
those that
possessed capital and...
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regarded as
natural allies of the new
Soviet regime; "middle"
peasants (
serednyaks), who
conducted farming operations on
their own land with
their own labor;...
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rights in
Soviet elections, down to 1928, when he was
enfranchised as a
serednyak (middle-income peasant). He had by then sold or
distributed his property—holding...
