-
suggested that
pterobranchs belong to the same
clade as the
extinct graptolites, and
phylogenetic analysis suggests that the
pterobranchs are
living members...
- free-floating Graptoloidea.
These orders most
likely evolved from
encrusting pterobranchs similar to Rhabdopleura. Due to
their widespread abundance, planktonic...
- Graptolithina,
formerly considered extinct, is now
placed within the
pterobranchs,
represented by a
single living genus Rhabdopleura.
Acorn worms are solitary...
- up to 2.5
metres (8.2 ft) long, and
burrow though seafloor sediments.
Pterobranchs are
colonial animals,
often less than 1
millimetre (0.039 in) long individually...
- and
pterobranchs.
Studies show that the
ability to
create tubes were lost in the line
leading to
modern acorn worm, but
remained in the
pterobranchs. However...
- Rickards, RB;
Holland PWH (2008). "The
origins of
graptolites and
other pterobranchs: a
journey from 'Polyzoa'". Lethaia. 41 (4): 303–316. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931...
-
pterobranchs are
hemichordates and
probably closely related to echinoderms, and
there is no
evidence that the
latest common ancestor of
pterobranchs and...
- Rickards, RB;
Holland PWH (2008). "The
origins of
graptolites and
other pterobranchs: a
journey from 'Polyzoa'". Lethaia. 41 (4): 303–316. Bibcode:2008Letha...
- 2009-06-06 Maletz, J.; Steiner, M.; Fatka, O. (2005), "Middle
Cambrian pterobranchs and the Question: What is a graptolite?" (PDF), Lethaia, 38 (1): 73–85...
- inc.
starfish Echinozoans inc. sea
urchins Hemichordates Acorn worms Pterobranchs Nematodes Chromadorea Enoplea Secernentea Arthropods Chelicerates inc...
