- A
protonema (plural:
protonemata) is a thread-like
chain of
cells that
forms the
earliest stage of
development of the
gametophyte (the
haploid phase)...
-
protonema (pl.
protonemata),
which is
either a m**** of thread-like
filaments or
thalloid (flat and thallus-like). M****ed moss
protonemata typically look...
- Macmillan, 1985). ISBNÂ 0-02-949660-8. Nehira, Kunito. "Spore Germination,
Protonemata Development and
Sporeling Development", p. 347 in
Rudolf M. Schuster...
-
Vegetative reproduction takes place by tubers,
amylum stars and
secondary protonemata. The ****
organs are a
multicellular and
jacketed globule or antheridium...
-
Unicellular Pluricellular Unicellular Chloroplasts/cell Many Many One
Protonemata Reduced Present Absent Gametangia (antheridia and archegonia) Superficial...
- the
bryophytes (e.g.,
mosses and liverworts),
spores germinate into
protonemata,
similar to
fungal hyphae, from
which the
gametophyte grows. In ferns...
- with the
Funariales or the Splachnales. However,
characteristics of the
protonemata and a****ual propagation,
along with
molecular evidence,
point to a closer...
- six to
eight protonemata. This
growth produces a
stellate structure after seven to ten days, at this time
branching of the
protonemata occurs. After...
- dioecious,
reproducing generatively with
spores and
vegetatively through protonemata. The
capsules are held
horizontally on the end of a long seta (fruit...
-
enclosed within the sporangium. The
spores germinate to give
thalloid protonemata. In
alphabetical order:
Andreaea a****inata -
Tasmania Andreaea acutifolia...
