- A
protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like
chain of
cells that
forms the
earliest stage of
development of the
gametophyte (the
haploid phase)...
- moss life-cycle
starts with a
haploid spore that
germinates to
produce a
protonema (pl. protonemata),
which is
either a m**** of thread-like
filaments or...
- cell
divides to
produce the
protonemal initial, from
which the
primary protonema arises, and the
rhizoidal initial, from
which the
primary rhizoid descends...
-
become thalloid, and can
produce a few rhizoids. Soon afterwards, the
protonema develops buds and
these differentiate into its characteristic, erect,...
-
spore germinates. In
either case, the
protonema is a
transitory stage in the life of a hornwort. From the
protonema grows the
adult gametophyte,
which is...
- its
juvenile form, the
protonema,
under the
influence of
phytohormones (mainly cytokinins).
Whereas the
filamentous protonema grows by
apical cell division...
- with the
haploid spore,
which then
germinates into a
thalloid protonema. The
protonema then
gives rise to the
leafy gametophyte which houses the male...
-
adapted to grow in low
light conditions by
utilizing spherical cells in the
protonema that act as lenses,
collecting and
concentrating even the
faintest light...
-
growing on
potato dextrose agar Knop agar is used to
axenically culture protonema and
whole moss plants, such as
those of
Physcomitrella patens, a model...
-
haploid spore to
produce a
protonema,
which is
either a m**** of thread-like
filaments or a
flattened thallus. The
protonema is a
transitory stage in the...
