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Composition of proportionComposition Com`po*si"tion, n. [F. composition, fr. L.
compositio. See Composite.]
1. The act or art of composing, or forming a whole or
integral, by placing together and uniting different
things, parts, or ingredients. In specific uses:
(a) The invention or combination of the parts of any
literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; as,
the composition of a poem or a piece of music. ``The
constant habit of elaborate composition.' --Macaulay.
(b) (Fine Arts) The art or practice of so combining the
different parts of a work of art as to produce a
harmonious whole; also, a work of art considered as
such. See 4, below.
(c) The act of writing for practice in a language, as
English, Latin, German, etc.
(d) (Print.) The setting up of type and arranging it for
printing.
2. The state of being put together or composed; conjunction;
combination; adjustment.
View them in composition with other things. --I.
Watts.
The elementary composition of bodies. --Whewell.
3. A mass or body formed by combining two or more substances;
as, a chemical composition.
A composition that looks . . . like marble.
--Addison.
4. A literary, musical, or artistic production, especially
one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used
of an elementary essay or translation done as an
educational exercise.
5. Consistency; accord; congruity. [Obs.]
There is no composition in these news That gives
them credit. --Shak.
6. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement
of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or
conditions of settlement; agreement.
Thus we are agreed: I crave our composition may be
written. --Shak.
7. (Law) The adjustment of a debt, or avoidance of an
obligation, by some form of compensation agreed on between
the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation
agreed upon in the adjustment.
Compositions for not taking the order of knighthood.
--Hallam.
Cleared by composition with their creditors.
--Blackstone.
8. Synthesis as opposed to analysis.
The investigation of difficult things by the method
of analysis ought ever to precede the method of
composition. --Sir I.
Newton.
Composition cloth, a kind of cloth covered with a
preparation making it waterproof.
Composition deed, an agreement for composition between a
debtor and several creditors.
Composition plane (Crystallog.), the plane by which the two
individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved
positions.
Composition of forces (Mech.), the finding of a single
force (called the resultant) which shall be equal in
effect to two or more given forces (called the components)
when acting in given directions. --Herbert.
Composition metal, an alloy resembling brass, which is
sometimes used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; --
also called Muntz metal and yellow metal.
Composition of proportion (Math.), an arrangement of four
proportionals so that the sum of the first and second is
to the second as the sum of the third and fourth to the
fourth. Continual proportionalsContinual Con*tin"u*al, a. [OE. continuel, F. continuel. See
Continue.]
1. Proceeding without interruption or cesstaion; continuous;
unceasing; lasting; abiding.
He that is of a merry heart hath a continual feast.
--Prov. xv.
15.
2. Occuring in steady and rapid succession; very frequent;
often repeated.
The eye is deligh by a continental succession of
small landscapes. --W. Irwing.
Continual proportionals (Math.), quantities in continued
proportion. --Brande & C.
Syn: Constant; prepetual; incessant; unceasing;
uninterrupted; unintermitted; continuous. See
Constant, and Continuous. Continued proportionProportion Pro*por"tion, n. [F., fr. L. proportio; pro before
+ portio part or share. See Portion.]
1. The relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or
to the whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree;
comparative relation; ratio; as, the proportion of the
parts of a building, or of the body.
The image of Christ, made after his own proportion.
--Ridley.
Formed in the best proportions of her sex. --Sir W.
Scott.
Documents are authentic and facts are true precisely
in proportion to the support which they afford to
his theory. --Macaulay.
2. Harmonic relation between parts, or between different
things of the same kind; symmetrical arrangement or
adjustment; symmetry; as, to be out of proportion. ``Let
us prophesy according to the proportion of faith.' --Rom.
xii. 6.
3. The portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a
rule or principle; equal or proper share; lot.
Let the women . . . do the same things in their
proportions and capacities. --Jer. Taylor.
4. A part considered comparatively; a share.
5. (Math.)
(a) The equality or similarity of ratios, especially of
geometrical ratios; or a relation among quantities
such that the quotient of the first divided by the
second is equal to that of the third divided by the
fourth; -- called also geometrical proportion, in
distinction from arithmetical proportion, or that in
which the difference of the first and second is equal
to the difference of the third and fourth.
Note: Proportion in the mathematical sense differs from
ratio. Ratio is the relation of two quantities of the
same kind, as the ratio of 5 to 10, or the ratio of 8
to 16. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of two
such relations. Thus, 5 to 10 as 8 to 16; that is, 5
bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Hence,
such numbers are said to be in proportion. Proportion
is expressed by symbols thus: a:b::c:d, or a:b = c:d,
or a/b = c/d.
(b) The rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three
given terms, together with the one sought, are
proportional.
Continued proportion, Inverse proportion, etc. See under
Continued, Inverse, etc.
Harmonical, or Musical, proportion, a relation of three
or four quantities, such that the first is to the last as
the difference between the first two is to the difference
between the last two; thus, 2, 3, 6, are in harmonical
proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. Thus, 24, 16, 12, 9,
are harmonical, for 24:9::8:3.
In proportion, according as; to the degree that. ``In
proportion as they are metaphysically true, they are
morally and politically false.' --Burke. Continued proportionContinued Con*tin"ued, p. p. & a.
Having extension of time, space, order of events, exertion of
energy, etc.; extended; protracted; uninterrupted; also,
resumed after interruption; extending through a succession of
issues, session, etc.; as, a continued story. ``Continued
woe.' --Jenyns. ``Continued succession.' --Locke.
Continued bass (Mus.), a bass continued through an entire
piece of music, while the other parts of the harmony are
indicated by figures beneath the bass; the same as
thorough bass or figured bass; basso continuo. [It.]
Continued fever (Med.), a fever which presents no
interruption in its course.
Continued fraction (Math.), a fraction whose numerator is
1, and whose denominator is a whole number plus a fraction
whose numerator is 1 and whose denominator is a whole
number, plus a fraction, and so on.
Continued proportion (Math.), a proportion composed of two
or more equal ratios, in which the consequent of each
preceding ratio is the same with the antecedent of the
following one; as, 4 : 8 : 8 : 16 :: 16 : 32. Discrete proportionDiscrete Dis*crete", a. [L. discretus, p. p. of discernere.
See Discreet.]
1. Separate; distinct; disjunct. --Sir M. Hale.
2. Disjunctive; containing a disjunctive or discretive
clause; as, ``I resign my life, but not my honor,' is a
discrete proposition.
3. (Bot.) Separate; not coalescent; -- said of things usually
coalescent.
Discrete movement. See Concrete movement of the voice,
under Concrete, a.
Discrete proportion, proportion where the ratio of the
means is different from that of either couplet; as,
3:6::8:16, 3 bearing the same proportion to 6 as 8 does to
16. But 3 is not to 6 as 6 to 8. It is thus opposed to
continued or continual proportion; as, 3:6::12:24.
Discrete quantity, that which must be divided into units,
as number, and is opposed to continued quantity, as
duration, or extension. Disproportion
Disproportion Dis`pro*por"tion, n. [Pref. dis- + proportion:
cf. F. disproportion.]
1. Want of proportion in form or quantity; lack of symmetry;
as, the arm may be in disproportion to the body; the
disproportion of the length of a building to its height.
2. Want of suitableness, adequacy, or due proportion to an
end or use; unsuitableness; disparity; as, the
disproportion of strength or means to an object.
DisproportionDisproportion Dis`pro*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Disproportioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Disproportioning.]
To make unsuitable in quantity, form, or fitness to an end;
to violate symmetry in; to mismatch; to join unfitly.
To shape my legs of an unequal size; To disproportion
me in every part. --Shak.
A degree of strength altogether disproportioned to the
extent of its territory. --Prescott. Disproportional
Disproportional Dis`pro*por"tion*al, a.
Not having due proportion to something else; not having
proportion or symmetry of parts; unsuitable in form, quantity
or value; inadequate; unequal; as, a disproportional limb
constitutes deformity in the body; the studies of youth
should not be disproportional to their understanding.
Disproportionality
Disproportionality Dis`pro*por`tion*al"i*ty, n.
The state of being disproportional. --Dr. H. More.
Disproportionally
Disproportionally Dis`pro*por"tion*al*ly, adv.
In a disproportional manner; unsuitably in form, quantity, or
value; unequally.
DisproportionateDisproportionate Dis`pro*por"tion*ate, a.
Not proportioned; unsymmetrical; unsuitable to something else
in bulk, form, value, or extent; out of proportion;
inadequate; as, in a perfect body none of the limbs are
disproportionate; it is wisdom not to undertake a work
disproportionate means. -- Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ly, adv. --
Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ness, n. DisproportionatelyDisproportionate Dis`pro*por"tion*ate, a.
Not proportioned; unsymmetrical; unsuitable to something else
in bulk, form, value, or extent; out of proportion;
inadequate; as, in a perfect body none of the limbs are
disproportionate; it is wisdom not to undertake a work
disproportionate means. -- Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ly, adv. --
Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ness, n. DisproportionatenessDisproportionate Dis`pro*por"tion*ate, a.
Not proportioned; unsymmetrical; unsuitable to something else
in bulk, form, value, or extent; out of proportion;
inadequate; as, in a perfect body none of the limbs are
disproportionate; it is wisdom not to undertake a work
disproportionate means. -- Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ly, adv. --
Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ness, n. DisproportionedDisproportion Dis`pro*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Disproportioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Disproportioning.]
To make unsuitable in quantity, form, or fitness to an end;
to violate symmetry in; to mismatch; to join unfitly.
To shape my legs of an unequal size; To disproportion
me in every part. --Shak.
A degree of strength altogether disproportioned to the
extent of its territory. --Prescott. DisproportioningDisproportion Dis`pro*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Disproportioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Disproportioning.]
To make unsuitable in quantity, form, or fitness to an end;
to violate symmetry in; to mismatch; to join unfitly.
To shape my legs of an unequal size; To disproportion
me in every part. --Shak.
A degree of strength altogether disproportioned to the
extent of its territory. --Prescott. Distributive proportionDistributive Dis*trib"u*tive, a. [Cf. F. distributif.]
1. Tending to distribute; serving to divide and assign in
portions; dealing to each his proper share. ``Distributive
justice.' --Swift.
2. (Logic) Assigning the species of a general term.
3. (Gram.) Expressing separation; denoting a taking singly,
not collectively; as, a distributive adjective or pronoun,
such as each, either, every; a distributive numeral, as
(Latin) bini (two by two).
Distributive operation (Math.), any operation which either
consists of two or more parts, or works upon two or more
things, and which is such that the result of the total
operation is the same as the aggregated result of the two
or more partial operations. Ordinary multiplication is
distributive, since a [times] (b + c) = ab + ac, and (a +
b) [times] c = ac + bc.
Distributive proportion. (Math.) See Fellowship. Doctrine of definite proportionsAtomic A*tom"ic, Atomical A*tom"ic*al, a. [Cf. F. atomique.]
1. Of or pertaining to atoms.
2. Extremely minute; tiny.
Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of atoms, a system which,
assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion,
accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things.
This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was
developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by
Epicurus, and hence is sometimes denominated the Epicurean
philosophy.
Atomic theory, or the Doctrine of definite proportions
(Chem.), teaches that chemical combinations take place
between the supposed ultimate particles or atoms of
bodies, in some simple ratio, as of one to one, two to
three, or some other, always expressible in whole numbers.
Atomic weight (Chem.), the weight of the atom of an element
as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen, taken
as a standard. Duplicate proportionDuplicate Du"pli*cate, a. [L. duplicatus, p. p. of duplicare
to double, fr. duplex double, twofold. See Duplex.]
Double; twofold.
Duplicate proportion or ratio (Math.), the proportion or
ratio of squares. Thus, in geometrical proportion, the
first term to the third is said to be in a duplicate ratio
of the first to the second, or as its square is to the
square of the second. Thus, in 2, 4, 8, 16, the ratio of 2
to 8 is a duplicate of that of 2 to 4, or as the square of
2 is to the square of 4. geometrical proportionProportion Pro*por"tion, n. [F., fr. L. proportio; pro before
+ portio part or share. See Portion.]
1. The relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or
to the whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree;
comparative relation; ratio; as, the proportion of the
parts of a building, or of the body.
The image of Christ, made after his own proportion.
--Ridley.
Formed in the best proportions of her sex. --Sir W.
Scott.
Documents are authentic and facts are true precisely
in proportion to the support which they afford to
his theory. --Macaulay.
2. Harmonic relation between parts, or between different
things of the same kind; symmetrical arrangement or
adjustment; symmetry; as, to be out of proportion. ``Let
us prophesy according to the proportion of faith.' --Rom.
xii. 6.
3. The portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a
rule or principle; equal or proper share; lot.
Let the women . . . do the same things in their
proportions and capacities. --Jer. Taylor.
4. A part considered comparatively; a share.
5. (Math.)
(a) The equality or similarity of ratios, especially of
geometrical ratios; or a relation among quantities
such that the quotient of the first divided by the
second is equal to that of the third divided by the
fourth; -- called also geometrical proportion, in
distinction from arithmetical proportion, or that in
which the difference of the first and second is equal
to the difference of the third and fourth.
Note: Proportion in the mathematical sense differs from
ratio. Ratio is the relation of two quantities of the
same kind, as the ratio of 5 to 10, or the ratio of 8
to 16. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of two
such relations. Thus, 5 to 10 as 8 to 16; that is, 5
bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Hence,
such numbers are said to be in proportion. Proportion
is expressed by symbols thus: a:b::c:d, or a:b = c:d,
or a/b = c/d.
(b) The rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three
given terms, together with the one sought, are
proportional.
Continued proportion, Inverse proportion, etc. See under
Continued, Inverse, etc.
Harmonical, or Musical, proportion, a relation of three
or four quantities, such that the first is to the last as
the difference between the first two is to the difference
between the last two; thus, 2, 3, 6, are in harmonical
proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. Thus, 24, 16, 12, 9,
are harmonical, for 24:9::8:3.
In proportion, according as; to the degree that. ``In
proportion as they are metaphysically true, they are
morally and politically false.' --Burke. Improportionable
Improportionable Im`pro*por"tion*a*ble, a.
Not proportionable. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Improportionate
Improportionate Im`pro*por"tion*ate, a.
Not proportionate. [Obs.]
In proportionProportion Pro*por"tion, n. [F., fr. L. proportio; pro before
+ portio part or share. See Portion.]
1. The relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or
to the whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree;
comparative relation; ratio; as, the proportion of the
parts of a building, or of the body.
The image of Christ, made after his own proportion.
--Ridley.
Formed in the best proportions of her sex. --Sir W.
Scott.
Documents are authentic and facts are true precisely
in proportion to the support which they afford to
his theory. --Macaulay.
2. Harmonic relation between parts, or between different
things of the same kind; symmetrical arrangement or
adjustment; symmetry; as, to be out of proportion. ``Let
us prophesy according to the proportion of faith.' --Rom.
xii. 6.
3. The portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a
rule or principle; equal or proper share; lot.
Let the women . . . do the same things in their
proportions and capacities. --Jer. Taylor.
4. A part considered comparatively; a share.
5. (Math.)
(a) The equality or similarity of ratios, especially of
geometrical ratios; or a relation among quantities
such that the quotient of the first divided by the
second is equal to that of the third divided by the
fourth; -- called also geometrical proportion, in
distinction from arithmetical proportion, or that in
which the difference of the first and second is equal
to the difference of the third and fourth.
Note: Proportion in the mathematical sense differs from
ratio. Ratio is the relation of two quantities of the
same kind, as the ratio of 5 to 10, or the ratio of 8
to 16. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of two
such relations. Thus, 5 to 10 as 8 to 16; that is, 5
bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Hence,
such numbers are said to be in proportion. Proportion
is expressed by symbols thus: a:b::c:d, or a:b = c:d,
or a/b = c/d.
(b) The rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three
given terms, together with the one sought, are
proportional.
Continued proportion, Inverse proportion, etc. See under
Continued, Inverse, etc.
Harmonical, or Musical, proportion, a relation of three
or four quantities, such that the first is to the last as
the difference between the first two is to the difference
between the last two; thus, 2, 3, 6, are in harmonical
proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. Thus, 24, 16, 12, 9,
are harmonical, for 24:9::8:3.
In proportion, according as; to the degree that. ``In
proportion as they are metaphysically true, they are
morally and politically false.' --Burke. Inverse proportionProportion Pro*por"tion, n. [F., fr. L. proportio; pro before
+ portio part or share. See Portion.]
1. The relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or
to the whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree;
comparative relation; ratio; as, the proportion of the
parts of a building, or of the body.
The image of Christ, made after his own proportion.
--Ridley.
Formed in the best proportions of her sex. --Sir W.
Scott.
Documents are authentic and facts are true precisely
in proportion to the support which they afford to
his theory. --Macaulay.
2. Harmonic relation between parts, or between different
things of the same kind; symmetrical arrangement or
adjustment; symmetry; as, to be out of proportion. ``Let
us prophesy according to the proportion of faith.' --Rom.
xii. 6.
3. The portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a
rule or principle; equal or proper share; lot.
Let the women . . . do the same things in their
proportions and capacities. --Jer. Taylor.
4. A part considered comparatively; a share.
5. (Math.)
(a) The equality or similarity of ratios, especially of
geometrical ratios; or a relation among quantities
such that the quotient of the first divided by the
second is equal to that of the third divided by the
fourth; -- called also geometrical proportion, in
distinction from arithmetical proportion, or that in
which the difference of the first and second is equal
to the difference of the third and fourth.
Note: Proportion in the mathematical sense differs from
ratio. Ratio is the relation of two quantities of the
same kind, as the ratio of 5 to 10, or the ratio of 8
to 16. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of two
such relations. Thus, 5 to 10 as 8 to 16; that is, 5
bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Hence,
such numbers are said to be in proportion. Proportion
is expressed by symbols thus: a:b::c:d, or a:b = c:d,
or a/b = c/d.
(b) The rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three
given terms, together with the one sought, are
proportional.
Continued proportion, Inverse proportion, etc. See under
Continued, Inverse, etc.
Harmonical, or Musical, proportion, a relation of three
or four quantities, such that the first is to the last as
the difference between the first two is to the difference
between the last two; thus, 2, 3, 6, are in harmonical
proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. Thus, 24, 16, 12, 9,
are harmonical, for 24:9::8:3.
In proportion, according as; to the degree that. ``In
proportion as they are metaphysically true, they are
morally and politically false.' --Burke. Law of multiple proportionMultiple Mul"ti*ple, a. [Cf. F. multiple, and E. quadruple,
and multiply.]
Containing more than once, or more than one; consisting of
more than one; manifold; repeated many times; having several,
or many, parts.
Law of multiple proportion (Chem.), the generalization that
when the same elements unite in more than one proportion,
forming two or more different compounds, the higher
proportions of the elements in such compounds are simple
multiplies of the lowest proportion, or the proportions
are connected by some simple common factor; thus, iron and
oxygen unite in the proportions FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4,
in which compounds, considering the oxygen, 3 and 4 are
simple multiplies of 1. Called also the Law of Dalton,
from its discoverer.
Multiple algebra, a branch of advanced mathematics that
treats of operations upon units compounded of two or more
unlike units.
Multiple conjugation (Biol.), a coalescence of many cells
(as where an indefinite number of am[oe]boid cells flow
together into a single mass) from which conjugation proper
and even fertilization may have been evolved.
Multiple fruits. (Bot.) See Collective fruit, under
Collective.
Multiple star (Astron.), several stars in close proximity,
which appear to form a single system. Mean proportionalMean Mean, a. [OE. mene, OF. meiien, F. moyen, fr. L. medianus
that is in the middle, fr. medius; akin to E. mid. See
Mid.]
1. Occupying a middle position; middle; being about midway
between extremes.
Being of middle age and a mean stature. --Sir. P.
Sidney.
2. Intermediate in excellence of any kind.
According to the fittest style of lofty, mean, or
lowly. --Milton.
3. (Math.) Average; having an intermediate value between two
extremes, or between the several successive values of a
variable quantity during one cycle of variation; as, mean
distance; mean motion; mean solar day.
Mean distance (of a planet from the sun) (Astron.), the
average of the distances throughout one revolution of the
planet, equivalent to the semi-major axis of the orbit.
Mean error (Math. Phys.), the average error of a number of
observations found by taking the mean value of the
positive and negative errors without regard to sign.
Mean-square error, or Error of the mean square (Math.
Phys.), the error the square of which is the mean of the
squares of all the errors; -- called also, especially by
European writers, mean error.
Mean line. (Crystallog.) Same as Bisectrix.
Mean noon, noon as determined by mean time.
Mean proportional (between two numbers) (Math.), the square
root of their product.
Mean sun, a fictitious sun supposed to move uniformly in
the equator so as to be on the meridian each day at mean
noon.
Mean time, time as measured by an equable motion, as of a
perfect clock, or as reckoned on the supposition that all
the days of the year are of a mean or uniform length, in
contradistinction from apparent time, or that actually
indicated by the sun, and from sidereal time, or that
measured by the stars.
Meaning of Proportio from wikipedia
-
derives from the
system of
mensural or
proportional notation (also
called proportio dupla) in
which note
values (and
their graphical shapes) were related...
- From the
bottom of p. 189: "Sed res est
certissima extactissimaque quod
proportio qua est
inter binorum quorumcunque Planetarum tempora periodica, sit præcise...
-
mensural notation of the Renaissance, it was an
alternative term for
proportio dupla,
which meant that the
brevis was to be
considered the unit of time...
- fast);
tempus perfectum diminutum, 1:2
proportion (twice as fast); or
proportio tripla, 1:3
proportion (three
times as fast,
similar to triplets). In...
- From the
bottom of p. 189: "Sed res est
certissima exactissimaque quod
proportio qua est
inter binorum quorumcunque Planetarum tempora periodica, sit præcise...
- dies 1. h. 18 1/2, dies 3 h. 13 1/3, dies 7 h. 3, dies 16 h. 18:
ubique proportio est
major quam dupla,
major igitur quam
intervallorum 3, 5, 8, 13 vel...
- more akin to com****tion or reckoning.
Medieval writers used the word
proportio ("proportion") to
indicate ratio and
proportionalitas ("proportionality")...
-
mathematics at the
University of Padua. In his main work,
Curvi ac
recti proportio,
Sovero proves to be a
precursor of the
geometry of
indivisibles and of...
-
mathematical sense, and it was
indeed sometimes translated to
Latin as
proportio.[citation needed]
Analogy was
understood as
identity of
relation between...
- (1496).[clarification needed] Juan de
Anchieta uses 5 1 (tempus perfectum,
proportio quintupla), in both "Con amores, mi madre" (1465), and "Dos ánades, madre"...
