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Calculus of probabilitiesCalculus Cal"cu*lus, n.; pl. Calculi. [L, calculus. See
Calculate, and Calcule.]
1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the
body, but most frequent in the organs that act as
reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as,
biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc.
2. (Math.) A method of computation; any process of reasoning
by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may
involve calculation.
Barycentric calculus, a method of treating geometry by
defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other
points to which co["e]fficients or weights are ascribed.
Calculus of functions, that branch of mathematics which
treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given
conditions.
Calculus of operations, that branch of mathematical logic
that treats of all operations that satisfy given
conditions.
Calculus of probabilities, the science that treats of the
computation of the probabilities of events, or the
application of numbers to chance.
Calculus of variations, a branch of mathematics in which
the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities
together are themselves subject to change.
Differential calculus, a method of investigating
mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain
indefinitely small quantities called differentials. The
problems are primarily of this form: to find how the
change in some variable quantity alters at each instant
the value of a quantity dependent upon it.
Exponential calculus, that part of algebra which treats of
exponents.
Imaginary calculus, a method of investigating the relations
of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the
imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra.
Integral calculus, a method which in the reverse of the
differential, the primary object of which is to learn from
the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two
or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes
themselves, or, in other words, from having the
differential of an algebraic expression to find the
expression itself. ImprobableImprobable Im*prob"a*ble, a. [L. improbabilis; pref. im- not +
probabilis probable: cf. F. improbable. See Probable.]
Not probable; unlikely to be true; not to be expected under
the circumstances or in the usual course of events; as, an
improbable story or event.
He . . . sent to Elutherius, then bishop of Rome, an
improbable letter, as some of the contents discover.
--Milton.
-- Im*prob"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*prob"a*bly, adv. ImprobablenessImprobable Im*prob"a*ble, a. [L. improbabilis; pref. im- not +
probabilis probable: cf. F. improbable. See Probable.]
Not probable; unlikely to be true; not to be expected under
the circumstances or in the usual course of events; as, an
improbable story or event.
He . . . sent to Elutherius, then bishop of Rome, an
improbable letter, as some of the contents discover.
--Milton.
-- Im*prob"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*prob"a*bly, adv. ImprobablyImprobable Im*prob"a*ble, a. [L. improbabilis; pref. im- not +
probabilis probable: cf. F. improbable. See Probable.]
Not probable; unlikely to be true; not to be expected under
the circumstances or in the usual course of events; as, an
improbable story or event.
He . . . sent to Elutherius, then bishop of Rome, an
improbable letter, as some of the contents discover.
--Milton.
-- Im*prob"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*prob"a*bly, adv. Probabiliorism
Probabiliorism Prob`a*bil"i*o*rism, n.
The doctrine of the probabiliorists.
Probabiliorist
Probabiliorist Prob`a*bil"i*o*rist, n. [From L. probabilior,
compar. of probabilis probable.] (Casuistry)
One who holds, in opposition to the probabilists, that a man
is bound to do that which is most probably right.
Probabilism
Probabilism Prob"a*bil*ism, n. [Cf. F. probabilisme.]
The doctrine of the probabilists.
Probabilist
Probabilist Prob"a*bil*ist, n. [Cf. F. probabilists.]
1. One who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that
probability alone is to govern our faith and actions.
2. (Casuistry) One who maintains that a man may do that which
has a probability of being right, or which is inculcated
by teachers of authority, although other opinions may seem
to him still more probable.
ProbableProbable Prob"a*ble, a. [L. probabilis, fr. probare to try,
approve, prove: cf. F. probable. See Prove, and cf.
Provable.]
1. Capable of being proved. [Obs.]
2. Having more evidence for than against; supported by
evidence which inclines the mind to believe, but leaves
some room for doubt; likely.
That is accounted probable which has better
arguments producible for it than can be brought
against it. --South.
I do not say that the principles of religion are
merely probable; I have before asserted them to be
morally certain. --Bp. Wilkins. Probable cause 3. Rendering probable; supporting, or giving ground for,
belief, but not demonstrating; as, probable evidence;
probable presumption. --Blackstone.
Probable cause (Law), a reasonable ground of presumption
that a charge is, or my be, well founded.
Probable error (of an observation, or of the mean of a
number), that within which, taken positively and
negatively, there is an even chance that the real error
shall lie. Thus, if 3[sec] is the probable error in a
given case, the chances that the real error is greater
than 3[sec] are equal to the chances that it is less. The
probable error is computed from the observations made, and
is used to express their degree of accuracy. Probable error 3. Rendering probable; supporting, or giving ground for,
belief, but not demonstrating; as, probable evidence;
probable presumption. --Blackstone.
Probable cause (Law), a reasonable ground of presumption
that a charge is, or my be, well founded.
Probable error (of an observation, or of the mean of a
number), that within which, taken positively and
negatively, there is an even chance that the real error
shall lie. Thus, if 3[sec] is the probable error in a
given case, the chances that the real error is greater
than 3[sec] are equal to the chances that it is less. The
probable error is computed from the observations made, and
is used to express their degree of accuracy. Probable errorError Er"ror, n. [OF. error, errur, F. erreur, L. error, fr.
errare to err. See Err.]
1. A wandering; a roving or irregular course. [Obs.]
The rest of his journey, his error by sea. --B.
Jonson.
2. A wandering or deviation from the right course or
standard; irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something
made wrong or left wrong; as, an error in writing or in
printing; a clerical error.
3. A departing or deviation from the truth; falsity; false
notion; wrong opinion; mistake; misapprehension.
H? judgment was often in error, though his candor
remained unimpaired. --Bancroft.
4. A moral offense; violation of duty; a sin or
transgression; iniquity; fault. --Ps. xix. 12.
5. (Math.) The difference between the approximate result and
the true result; -- used particularly in the rule of
double position.
6. (Mensuration)
(a) The difference between an observed value and the true
value of a quantity.
(b) The difference between the observed value of a
quantity and that which is taken or computed to be the
true value; -- sometimes called residual error.
7. (Law.) A mistake in the proceedings of a court of record
in matters of law or of fact.
8. (Baseball) A fault of a player of the side in the field
which results in failure to put out a player on the other
side, or gives him an unearned base.
Law of error, or Law of frequency of error (Mensuration),
the law which expresses the relation between the magnitude
of an error and the frequency with which that error will
be committed in making a large number of careful
measurements of a quantity.
Probable error. (Mensuration) See under Probable.
Writ of error (Law), an original writ, which lies after
judgment in an action at law, in a court of record, to
correct some alleged error in the proceedings, or in the
judgment of the court. --Bouvier. Burrill.
Syn: Mistake; fault; blunder; failure; fallacy; delusion;
hallucination; sin. See Blunder. The probable The probable, that which is within the bounds of
probability; that which is not unnatural or preternatural;
-- opposed to the marvelous. Unprobably
Unprobably Un*prob"a*bly, adv. [Pref. un- not + probably.]
Improbably.
UnprobablyUnprobably Un*prob"a*bly, adv. [Un- + L. probabilis
approvable, fr. probare to approve. Cf. Probable.]
In a manner not to be approved of; improperly. [Obs. & R.]
To diminish, by the authority of wise and knowing men,
things unjustly and unprobably crept in. --Strype.
Meaning of Probab from wikipedia
