- 106 A MA
megaampere 10−9 A nA
nanoampere 109 A GA
gigaampere 10−12 A pA
picoampere 1012 A TA
teraampere 10−15 A fA
femtoampere 1015 A PA
petaampere 10−18 A...
- − I S {\displaystyle -I_{\text{S}}}
reverse current value (roughly a
picoampere for
silicon diodes or a
microampere for
germanium diodes,
although this...
- or pico ammeter,
measures very low
electric current,
usually from the
picoampere range at the
lower end to the
milliampere range at the
upper end. Picoammeters...
- plate, a filament, and a grid. The
collector current is
measured in
picoamperes by an electrometer. The
filament voltage to
ground is
usually at a potential...
- like a capacitor.
Current densities are
usually expressed in pA⋅pF−1 (
picoamperes per picofarad) (i.e.,
current divided by capacitance).
Techniques exist...
- circuit.
Typically ~10 nanoamperes, nA, for
bipolar op amps, tens of
picoamperes, pA, for JFET
input stages, and only a few pA for
MOSFET input stages...
-
measured by an
electrometer circuit in the
region of
femtoamperes to
picoamperes,
depending on the
chamber design, and is
proportional to the radiation...
- of
atmospheric ions
moving in the
atmospheric electric field,
about 2
picoamperes per
square meter, and the air is
weakly conductive due to the presence...
- plate, a filament, and a grid. The
collector current is
measured in
picoamperes by an electrometer. The
filament voltage to
ground is
usually at a potential...
- by its
ability to
supply and
measure a wide
range of
currents (from
picoamperes to amperes) of both polarities. The
galvanostat responds to
changes in...
