-
Ortoq may
refer to: Ortogh, a
merchant partner of the
Mongols and
nomads Artuk Bey, a
Seljuk commander Muhammad Hashim Ortaq, en
engineer and
former politician...
- Ortogh, also
ortoq (Turkic: ortaq; Mongolian: ортог;: 127 Persian: urtak) was a
merchant partnered with the
state and
individual aristocrats in the Mongol...
- sent them far afield, in an
ortoq (merchant partner) arrangement. In
Mongol times, the
contractual features of a Mongol-
ortoq partnership closely resembled...
-
unsuccessfully tried to halt his advance.
Berke and m****acred each other's
ortoq merchants in the
Golden Horde and Iran.
Berke also
supported Great Khan...
- Most of
these merchants were
business partners of the Mongols,
known as
ortoq. However, Möngke Khan (r. 1251–1259)
limited notorious abuses and sent imperial...
-
needed for tax payments. In particular, Ögedei
actively invested in
these ortoq enterprises. At the same time the
Mongols began circulating paper currency...
- ISBN 978-1-78477-017-4. Liu 2010, p. 109. Enkhbold,
Enerelt (2019). "The role of the
ortoq in the
Mongol Empire in
forming business partnerships".
Central Asian Survey...
- the
concepts of
liability in
relation to
investments and
loans in Mongol–
ortoq partnerships,
promoting trade and
investment to
facilitate the commercial...
- Sökmen (also
called Moinuddin Sokman, Muʿīn ad-Dīn
Soqman or
Soqman ibn
Ortoq) was a
Turkoman emir of the
Seljuk Empire in the
early 12th century. His...
-
Polos sta**** for
about a year. The Polo
brothers became merchant partners,
ortoq, of
Berke to sell
wares entrusted to them. Finally, they
decided to avoid...
