-
Ortogh, also
ortoq (Turkic: ortaq; Mongolian: ортог; Chinese:
wotuo 斡脱;: 127 Persian: urtak) was a
merchant partnered with the
state and
individual aristocrats...
-
retaliation for
these attacks,
Berke and
Hulagu slaughtered each other's
ortogh merchants. But the
reasons for the
conflict between Berke and
Hulagu were...
-
Mongol state.
Working with
officials such as Yelü Chucai, he
developed ortogh trading systems,
instituted methods of tax collection, and
established regional...
- the
unified empire. In
retaliation for his failure,
Hulegu killed Berke's
ortogh, and
Berke did the same in return. Even
while Berke was Muslim, out of Mongol...
-
accordance with a
complaint by the
governor Arghun Aqa, Möngke Khan
prohibited ortogh-merchants (Mongol-contracted
Muslim traders) and
nobles from
abusing relay...
-
Chinese maritime trade during this
period was
monopolized by the
state via
ortogh partnerships. Most
trade expeditions were
controlled by
foreign merchants...
-
Ortoq may
refer to:
Ortogh, a
merchant partner of the
Mongols and
nomads Artuk Bey, a
Seljuk commander Muhammad Hashim Ortaq, en
engineer and
former politician...
-
Administration for the
Supervision of
Ortogh" (Muslim
merchant ****ociation) to lend
money at low
interest to the
ortogh 1269 Kaidu–Kublai war: Kaidu, a grandson...
- state, via
foreign Muslim merchants partnered with the Yuan
government in
ortogh relationships.
Though unlike the Song, the Yuan
lifted the 9-month limit...
-
Administration for the
Supervision of
Ortogh" (Muslim
merchant ****ociation) to lend
money at low
interest to the
ortogh 1269 Kaidu–Kublai war: Kaidu, a grandson...
