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AmmoniumAmmonium Am*mo"ni*um, n. [See Ammonia.] (Chem.)
A compound radical, NH4, having the chemical relations of a
strongly basic element like the alkali metals. Ammonium cyanateCyanate Cy"a*nate (s?"?-n?t), n. [Cf. F. cuanate. See
Cyanic.] (Chem.)
A salt of cyanic acid.
Ammonium cyanate (Chem.), a remarkable white crystalline
substance, NH4.O.CN, which passes, on standing, to the
organic compound, urea, CO.(NH2)2. ammonium purpurateMurexide Mu*rex"ide, n. [L. murex the purple fish, purple.]
(Chem.)
A crystalline nitrogenous substance having a splendid
dichroism, being green by reflected light and garnet-red by
transmitted light. It was formerly used in dyeing calico, and
was obtained in a large quantities from guano. Formerly
called also ammonium purpurate. antimoniumStibonium Sti*bo"ni*um, n. (Chem.)
The hypothetical radical SbH4, analogous to ammonium; --
called also antimonium. Archegonium
Archegonium Ar`che*go"ni*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? the first of a
race.] (Bot.)
The pistillidium or female organ in the higher cryptogamic
plants, corresponding to the pistil in flowering plants.
Chelidonium majusChelidonic Chel`i*don"ic, a. [See Celandine.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the celandine.
Chelidonic acid, a weak acid extracted from the celandine
(Chelidonium majus), as a white crystalline substance. chloride of ammoniumAmmoniac Am*mo"ni*ac, Ammoniacal Am`mo*ni"a*cal, a.
Of or pertaining to ammonia, or possessing its properties;
as, an ammoniac salt; ammoniacal gas.
Ammoniacal engine, an engine in which the vapor of ammonia
is used as the motive force.
Sal ammoniac [L. sal ammoniacus], the salt usually called
chloride of ammonium, and formerly muriate of ammonia. Conium
Conium Co*ni"um (? or ?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? hemlock.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of biennial, poisonous, white-flowered,
umbelliferous plants, bearing ribbed fruit (``seeds') and
decompound leaves.
Conium maculatumPoison Poi"son, n. [F. poison, in Old French also, a potion,
fr. L. potio a drink, draught, potion, a poisonous draught,
fr. potare to drink. See Potable, and cf. Potion.]
1. Any agent which, when introduced into the animal organism,
is capable of producing a morbid, noxious, or deadly
effect upon it; as, morphine is a deadly poison; the
poison of pestilential diseases.
2. That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; as,
the poison of evil example; the poison of sin.
Poison ash. (Bot.)
(a) A tree of the genus Amyris (A. balsamifera) found
in the West Indies, from the trunk of which a black
liquor distills, supposed to have poisonous qualities.
(b) The poison sumac (Rhus venenata). [U. S.]
Poison dogwood (Bot.), poison sumac.
Poison fang (Zo["o]l.), one of the superior maxillary teeth
of some species of serpents, which, besides having the
cavity for the pulp, is either perforated or grooved by a
longitudinal canal, at the lower end of which the duct of
the poison gland terminates. See Illust. under Fang.
Poison gland (Biol.), a gland, in animals or plants, which
secretes an acrid or venomous matter, that is conveyed
along an organ capable of inflicting a wound.
Poison hemlock (Bot.), a poisonous umbelliferous plant
(Conium maculatum). See Hemlock.
Poison ivy (Bot.), a poisonous climbing plant (Rhus
Toxicodendron) of North America. It is common on stone
walls and on the trunks of trees, and has trifoliate,
rhombic-ovate, variously notched leaves. Many people are
poisoned by it, if they touch the leaves. See Poison
sumac. Called also poison oak, and mercury.
Poison nut. (Bot.)
(a) Nux vomica.
(b) The tree which yields this seed (Strychnos
Nuxvomica). It is found on the Malabar and Coromandel
coasts.
Poison oak (Bot.), the poison ivy; also, the more shrubby
Rhus diversiloba of California and Oregon.
Poison sac. (Zo["o]l.) Same as Poison gland, above. See
Illust. under Fang.
Poison sumac (Bot.), a poisonous shrub of the genus Rhus
(R. venenata); -- also called poison ash, poison
dogwood, and poison elder. It has pinnate leaves on
graceful and slender common petioles, and usually grows in
swampy places. Both this plant and the poison ivy (Rhus
Toxicodendron) have clusters of smooth greenish white
berries, while the red-fruited species of this genus are
harmless. The tree (Rhus vernicifera) which yields the
celebrated Japan lacquer is almost identical with the
poison sumac, and is also very poisonous. The juice of the
poison sumac also forms a lacquer similar to that of
Japan.
Syn: Venom; virus; bane; pest; malignity.
Usage: Poison, Venom. Poison usually denotes something
received into the system by the mouth, breath, etc.
Venom is something discharged from animals and
received by means of a wound, as by the bite or sting
of serpents, scorpions, etc. Hence, venom specifically
implies some malignity of nature or purpose. Conium maculatumHemlock Hem"lock, n. [OE. hemeluc, humloc, AS. hemlic,
hymlic.]
1. (Bot.) The name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs
having finely cut leaves and small white flowers, as the
Cicuta maculata, bulbifera, and virosa, and the
Conium maculatum. See Conium.
Note: The potion of hemlock administered to Socrates is by
some thought to have been a decoction of Cicuta
virosa, or water hemlock, by others, of Conium
maculatum.
2. (Bot.) An evergreen tree common in North America (Abies,
or Tsuga, Canadensis); hemlock spruce.
The murmuring pines and the hemlocks. --Longfellow.
3. The wood or timber of the hemlock tree.
Ground hemlock, or Dwarf hemlock. See under Ground. Conium maculatumHemlock Hem"lock, n. [OE. hemeluc, humloc, AS. hemlic,
hymlic.]
1. (Bot.) The name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs
having finely cut leaves and small white flowers, as the
Cicuta maculata, bulbifera, and virosa, and the
Conium maculatum. See Conium.
Note: The potion of hemlock administered to Socrates is by
some thought to have been a decoction of Cicuta
virosa, or water hemlock, by others, of Conium
maculatum.
2. (Bot.) An evergreen tree common in North America (Abies,
or Tsuga, Canadensis); hemlock spruce.
The murmuring pines and the hemlocks. --Longfellow.
3. The wood or timber of the hemlock tree.
Ground hemlock, or Dwarf hemlock. See under Ground. Conium maculatumConine Co"nine (? or ?), n. [From Conium.] (Chem.)
A powerful and very poisonous vegetable alkaloid found in the
hemlock (Conium maculatum) and extracted as a colorless
oil, C8H17N, of strong repulsive odor and acrid taste. It
is regarded as a derivative of piperidine and likewise of one
of the collidines. It occasions a gradual paralysis of the
motor nerves. Called also coniine, coneine, conia, etc.
See Conium, 2. Conium maculatumConhydrine Con*hy"drine (? or ?), n. [Conium + hydrate.]
(Chem.)
A vegetable alkaloid found with conine in the poison hemlock
(Conium maculatum). It is a white crystalline substance,
C8H17NO, easily convertible into conine. Conium maculatum 2. (Med.) The common hemlock (Conium maculatum, poison
hemlock, spotted hemlock, poison parsley), a roadside weed
of Europe, Asia, and America, cultivated in the United
States for medicinal purpose. It is an active poison. The
leaves and fruit are used in medicine. CoroniumCoronium Co*ro"ni*um, n. [NL. See Corona.] (Chem. & Astron.)
The principal gaseous substance forming the solar corona,
characterized by a green line in the coronal spectrum. D stramoniumDatura Da*tu"ra, n. [NL.; cf. Skr. dhatt?ra, Per. & Ar.
tat?ra, Tat?la.] (Bot.)
A genus of solanaceous plants, with large funnel-shaped
flowers and a four-celled, capsular fruit.
Note: The commonest species are the thorn apple (D.
stramonium), with a prickly capsule (see Illust. of
capsule), white flowers and green stem, and D.
tatula, with a purplish tinge of the stem and flowers.
Both are narcotic and dangerously poisonous. Datura stramoniumJamestown weed James"town` weed` (Bot.)
The poisonous thorn apple or stramonium (Datura
stramonium), a rank weed early noticed at Jamestown,
Virginia. See Datura.
Note: This name is often corrupted into jimson, jimpson, and
gympsum. EuphoniumEuphonium Eu*pho"ni*um, n. [NL. See Euphony.] (Mus.)
A bass instrument of the saxhorn family. HarmoniumHarmonium Har*mo"ni*um, n. [NL. See Harmony. ]
A musical instrument, resembling a small organ and especially
designed for church music, in which the tones are produced by
forcing air by means of a bellows so as to cause the
vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made with one or
two keyboards, and has pedals and stops. Hormogonium
Hormogonium Hor`mo*go*ni"um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?a chain + ?
generation.] (Bot.)
A chain of small cells in certain alg[ae], by which the plant
is propogated.
Meconium
Meconium Me*co"ni*um, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? poppy.] (Med.)
(a) Opium. [Obs.]
(b) The contents of the fetal intestine; hence, first
excrement.
Mercurammonium
Mercurammonium Mer`cur*am*mo"ni*um, n. [Mercuric + ammonium.]
(Chem.)
A radical regarded as derived from ammonium by the
substitution of mercury for a portion of the hydrogen.
Metalammonium
Metalammonium Met`al*am*mo"ni*um, n. [Metal + ammonium.]
(Chem.)
A hypothetical radical derived from ammonium by the
substitution of metallic atoms in place of hydrogen.
Organ harmoniumOrgan Or"gan, n. [L. organum, Gr. ?; akin to ? work, and E.
work: cf. F. organe. See Work, and cf. Orgue, Orgy.]
1. An instrument or medium by which some important action is
performed, or an important end accomplished; as,
legislatures, courts, armies, taxgatherers, etc., are
organs of government.
2. (Biol.) A natural part or structure in an animal or a
plant, capable of performing some special action (termed
its function), which is essential to the life or
well-being of the whole; as, the heart, lungs, etc., are
organs of animals; the root, stem, foliage, etc., are
organs of plants.
Note: In animals the organs are generally made up of several
tissues, one of which usually predominates, and
determines the principal function of the organ. Groups
of organs constitute a system. See System.
3. A component part performing an essential office in the
working of any complex machine; as, the cylinder, valves,
crank, etc., are organs of the steam engine.
4. A medium of communication between one person or body and
another; as, the secretary of state is the organ of
communication between the government and a foreign power;
a newspaper is the organ of its editor, or of a party,
sect, etc.
5. [Cf. AS. organ, fr. L. organum.] (Mus.) A wind instrument
containing numerous pipes of various dimensions and kinds,
which are filled with wind from a bellows, and played upon
by means of keys similar to those of a piano, and
sometimes by foot keys or pedals; -- formerly used in the
plural, each pipe being considired an organ.
The deep, majestic, solemn organs blow. --Pope.
Note: Chaucer used the form orgon as a plural.
The merry orgon . . . that in the church goon
[go].
Barrel organ, Choir organ, Great organ, etc. See under
Barrel, Choir, etc.
Cabinet organ (Mus.), an organ of small size, as for a
chapel or for domestic use; a reed organ.
Organ bird (Zo["o]l.), a Tasmanian crow shrike (Gymnorhina
organicum). It utters discordant notes like those of a
hand organ out of tune.
Organ fish (Zo["o]l.), the drumfish.
Organ gun. (Mil.) Same as Orgue
(b) .
Organ harmonium (Mus.), an harmonium of large capacity and
power.
Organ of Gorti (Anat.), a complicated structure in the
cochlea of the ear, including the auditory hair cells, the
rods or fibers of Corti, the membrane of Corti, etc. See
Note under Ear.
Organ pipe. See Pipe, n., 1.
Organ-pipe coral. (Zo["o]l.) See Tubipora.
Organ point (Mus.), a passage in which the tonic or
dominant is sustained continuously by one part, while the
other parts move. Pandemonium
Pandemonium Pan`de*mo"ni*um, n. [NL., from Gr. ?, ?, all + ? a
demon.]
1. The great hall or council chamber of demons or evil
spirits. --Milton.
2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage.
PelargoniumPelargonic Pel`ar*gon"ic, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also
nonoic acid) found in the leaves of the geranium
(Pelargonium) and allied plants. PelargoniumPelargonium Pel`ar*go"ni*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a stork.]
(Bot.)
A large genus of plants of the order Geraniace[ae],
differing from Geranium in having a spurred calyx and an
irregular corolla.
Note: About one hundred and seventy species are known, nearly
all of them natives of South Africa, and many having
very beautiful blossoms. See the Note under Geranium.
Meaning of Onium from wikipedia
- and so on.
Compounds of an
onium cation and some
other anion are
known as
onium compounds or
onium salts.
Onium ions and
onium compounds are
inversely analogous...
- An
onium (plural: onia) is a
bound state of a
particle and its antiparticle.
These states are
usually named by
adding the
suffix -
onium to the name of...
-
industrial applications.
Other less
common onium salts include ammonium and
phosphonium salts. A
typical onium compound used as a
photoinitiator contains...
-
quantum chromodynamics. An
onium (plural: onia) is the
bound state of a
particle and its antiparticle. The
classic onium is positronium,
which consists...
- the
appropriate length and with two methonium,
heads have
small trimethyl onium heads and
flexible links. They all
exhibit a
depolarizing block. Aminosteroids...
-
structure on the right) with the
strong Coulombic attraction between the "
onium" atom and the
adjacent carbon accounting for the
reduced bond length. Consequently...
-
afford methyl halides: ROCH3 + HBr → CH3Br + ROH
These reactions proceed via
onium intermediates, i.e. [RO(H)CH3]+Br−. Some
ethers undergo rapid cleavage with...
-
hydrogen atom, such as a
quaternary ammonium or
phosphonium cation (generally:
onium ions), and with a
negatively charged functional group, such as a carboxylate...
-
primary use as a
denaturant and its
chemical nature as a cation,
hence -
onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.
Denatonium is a
quaternary ammonium cation. It is...
-
polyatomic ions
encountered in
practice is very large.
Monatomic ion
Protonation Onium ion Petrucci,
Ralph H.; Herring, F. Geoffrey; Madura,
Jeffry D.; Bissonnette...
