-
Nodularins are
potent toxins produced by the
cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena,
among others. This aquatic,
photosynthetic cyanobacterium forms visible...
- humans. In this way they are
similar to the
nodularins (below), and
together the
microcystins and
nodularins account for most of the
toxic cyanobacterial...
- in
microcystin and the
related nodularin; Mdha is N-methyldehydroalanine, a
derivative of dehydroalanine. In
nodularin it is
replaced by Mdhb (N-methyldehydrobutyrine)...
- guanitoxin, aplysiatoxin, cyanopeptolin, cylindrospermopsin,
domoic acid,
nodularin R (from Nodularia), neosaxitoxin, and saxitoxin.
Cyanobacteria reproduce...
-
occasionally form
heavy algal blooms. Some
strains produce a
cyanotoxin called nodularin R,
which is
harmful to humans. The type
species for the
genus is Nodularia...
-
cyanotoxins can also
include non-proteinogenic
amino acids.
Microcystin and
nodularin, for example, are both
derived from ADDA, a β-amino acid.
Taurine is an...
-
number of
factors which include:
Vitamin E
deficiency Microcystin and
nodularin poisoning, via
inhibition of
protein phosphatases Heavy metals and other...
- cyanobacteria.
Toxins which include this
amino acid
include microcystins and
nodularins.
Along with
leucine and arginine, it is
found in microcystin-LR, an extremely...
-
Dactinomycin Daptomycin Gramicidin S
Hymenistatin Microcystins Nisin Nodularin Octreotide Polymyxin B
Pristinamycin Valinomycin (technically a depsipeptide)...
- and MCLR, microcystin-LR
standards MCRR, microcystin-RR
standard NODR,
nodularin-R
standard Paralytic s****fish
poisoning toxins C1&2, N-sulfocarbamoyl-gonyautoxin...
