- higher-order
logics are
logics in the
strict sense. When
understood in a wide sense,
logic encomp****es both
formal and
informal logic.
Informal logic uses non-formal...
- first-order logic,
extended logics, and
deviant logics.
Extended logics accept the
basic formalism and the
axioms of
classical logic but
extend them with new...
-
moral obligation.
Modal logic considers the
inferences that
modal statements give rise to. For instance, most
epistemic modal logics treat the
formula ◻ P...
-
operator in
specific positional logics. Rescher, in his work, also
created more
general systems of
positional logics.
Although the
first ones were constructed...
- in the
process theories of classes, sets and mappings, and higher-order
logics other than with
Henkin semantics have come to be
regarded as extralogical...
- (1993). Many-valued
logics.
Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-853787-8. S. Gottwald, A
Treatise on Many-Valued
Logics.
Studies in
Logic and Com****tion, vol...
-
leading to
logic-consistent
decisions (Thornton, 2002). A fair
amount of
research on
logics has
focused on the
importance of
dominant logics and shifts...
- Non-classical
logics (and
sometimes alternative logics or non-Aristotelian
logics) are
formal systems that
differ in a
significant way from
standard logical...
-
classical logics such as second-order
logic or
infinitary logic are also studied,
along with Non-classical
logics such as
intuitionistic logic. First-order...
-
numerous proposals for
probabilistic logics. Very roughly, they can be
categorized into two
different classes:
those logics that
attempt to make a probabilistic...
