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Animal electricityAnimal An"i*mal, a. [Cf. F. animal.]
1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.
2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as
distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or
spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.
3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food.
Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism.
Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some
animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc.
Animal flower (Zo["o]l.), a name given to certain marine
animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or
sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes,
etc.
Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a
living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at
nearly a uniform temperature.
Animal spirits. See under Spirit.
Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with
animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under
these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera,
Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in
regular subordination, but variously arranged by different
writers.
Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms,
and the principal classes under them, generally
recognized at the present time: Dielectric
Dielectric Di`e*lec"tric, n. [Pref. dia- + electric.] (Elec.)
Any substance or medium that transmits the electric force by
a process different from conduction, as in the phenomena of
induction; a nonconductor. separating a body electrified by
induction, from the electrifying body.
Dynamical electricityDynamic Dy*nam"ic, Dynamical Dy*nam"ic*al, a. [Gr. ?
powerful, fr. ? power, fr. ? to be able; cf. L. durus hard,
E. dure: cf. F. dynamique.]
1. Of or pertaining to dynamics; belonging to energy or
power; characterized by energy or production of force.
Science, as well as history, has its past to show,
-- a past indeed, much larger; but its immensity is
dynamic, not divine. --J.
Martineau.
The vowel is produced by phonetic, not by dynamic,
causes. --J. Peile.
2. Relating to physical forces, effects, or laws; as,
dynamical geology.
As natural science has become more dynamic, so has
history. --Prof. Shedd.
Dynamical electricity. See under Electricity. Dynamo-electricDynamo-electric Dy`na*mo-e*lec"tric, a. [Gr. ? power + E.
electric. See Dynamic.]
Pertaining to the development of electricity, especially
electrical currents, by power; producing electricity or
electrical currents by mechanical power. Electric
Electric E*lec"tric, n. (Physics)
A nonconductor of electricity, as amber, glass, resin, etc.,
employed to excite or accumulate electricity.
Electric auraAura Au"ra, n.; pl. Aur[ae]. [L. aura air, akin to Gr. ?.]
1. Any subtile, invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation
from a substance, as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the
blood, a supposed fertilizing emanation from the pollen of
flowers, etc.
2. (Med.) The peculiar sensation, as of a light vapor, or
cold air, rising from the trunk or limbs towards the head,
a premonitory symptom of epilepsy or hysterics.
Electric aura, a supposed electric fluid, emanating from an
electrified body, and forming a mass surrounding it,
called the electric atmosphere. See Atmosphere, 2. Electric candleCandle Can"dle, n. [OE. candel, candel, AS, candel, fr. L.
candela a (white) light made of wax or tallow, fr. cand["e]re
to be white. See Candid, and cf. Chandler, Cannel,
Kindle.]
1. A slender, cylindrical body of tallow, containing a wick
composed of loosely twisted linen of cotton threads, and
used to furnish light.
How far that little candle throws his beams! So
shines a good deed in a naughty world. --Shak.
Note: Candles are usually made by repeatedly dipping the
wicks in the melted tallow, etc. (``dipped candles'),
or by casting or running in a mold.
2. That which gives light; a luminary.
By these blessed candles of the night. --Shak.
Candle nut, the fruit of a euphorbiaceous shrub (Aleurites
triloba), a native of some of the Pacific islands; --
socalled because, when dry, it will burn with a bright
flame, and is used by the natives as a candle. The oil has
many uses.
Candle power (Photom.), illuminating power, as of a lamp,
or gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard
candle.
Electric candle, A modification of the electric arc lamp,
in which the carbon rods, instead of being placed end to
end, are arranged side by side, and at a distance suitable
for the formation of the arc at the tip; -- called also,
from the name of the inventor, Jablockoff candle.
Excommunication by inch of candle, a form of
excommunication in which the offender is allowed time to
repent only while a candle burns.
Not worth the candle, not worth the cost or trouble.
Rush candle, a candle made of the pith of certain rushes,
peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease.
Sale by inch of candle, an auction in which persons are
allowed to bid only till a small piece of candle burns
out.
Standard candle (Photom.), a special form of candle
employed as a standard in photometric measurements;
usually, a candle of spermaceti so constructed as to burn
at the rate of 120 grains, or 7.8 grams, per hour.
To curse by bell, book and candle. See under Bell. Electric fuzeFuze Fuze, n.
A tube, filled with combustible matter, for exploding a
shell, etc. See Fuse, n.
Chemical fuze, a fuze in which substances separated until
required for action are then brought into contact, and
uniting chemically, produce explosion.
Concussion fuze, a fuze ignited by the striking of the
projectile.
Electric fuze, a fuze which is ignited by heat or a spark
produced by an electric current.
Friction fuze, a fuze which is ignited by the heat evolved
by friction.
Percussion fuze, a fuze in which the ignition is produced
by a blow on some fulminating compound.
Time fuze, a fuze adapted, either by its length or by the
character of its composition, to burn a certain time
before producing an explosion. electric ignitionInternal-combustion engine Internal-combustion engine) in
which the heat or pressure energy necessary to produce motion
is developed in the engine cylinder, as by the explosion of a
gas, and not in a separate chamber, as in a steam-engine
boiler. The gas used may be a fixed gas, or one derived from
alcohol, ether, gasoline (petrol), naphtha, oil (petroleum),
etc. There are three main classes: (1) gas engines proper,
using fixed gases, as coal, blast-furnace, or producer gas;
(2) engines using the vapor of a volatile fluid, as the
typical gasoline (petrol) engine; (3) oil engines, using
either an atomized spray or the vapor (produced by heat) of a
comparatively heavy oil, as petroleum or kerosene. In all of
these the gas is mixed with a definite amount of air, the
charge is composed in the cylinder and is then exploded
either by a flame of gas (
flame ignition -- now little used), by a hot tube (
tube ignition) or the like, by an electric spark (
electric ignition, the usual method is gasoline engines, or
by the heat of compression, as in the Diesel engine. Gas
and oil engines are chiefly of the stationary type.
Gasoline engines are largely used for automobile vehicles,
boats, etc. Most internal-combustion engines use the Otto
(four-stroke) cycle, though many use the two-stroke cycle.
They are almost universally trunk engines and
single-acting. Because of the intense heat produced by the
frequent explosions, the cylinders must be cooled by a
water jacket (
water-cooled) or by air currents (
air cooled) to give the maximum thermodynamic efficiency
and to avoid excessive friction or seizing. Interne
In*terne", n. [F.] (F. pron. [a^]N`t[^a]rn") (Med.)
A resident physician in a hospital; a house physician. Electric rayRay Ray, n. [F. raie, L. raia. Cf. Roach.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order
Rai[ae], including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc.
(b) In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat,
narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See
Skate.
Bishop ray, a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray
(Stoasodon n[`a]rinari) of the Southern United States
and the West Indies.
Butterfly ray, a short-tailed American sting ray
(Pteroplatea Maclura), having very broad pectoral fins.
Devil ray. See Sea Devil.
Eagle ray, any large ray of the family Myliobatid[ae], or
[AE]tobatid[ae]. The common European species
(Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip ray, and
miller.
Electric ray, or Cramp ray, a torpedo.
Starry ray, a common European skate (Raia radiata).
Sting ray, any one of numerous species of rays of the
family Trygonid[ae] having one or more large, sharp,
barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also
stingaree. electrical attractionAttraction At*trac"tion, n. [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.]
1. (Physics) An invisible power in a body by which it draws
anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually
between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them
together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and
conversely resisting separation.
Note: Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible
distances, and is variously denominated according to
its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at
sensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Attraction of gravitation, which acts at all distances
throughout the universe, with a force proportional
directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and
inversely to the square of their distances apart. (2.)
Magnetic, diamagnetic, and electrical attraction, each
of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in
its action, a property dependent on the quality or
condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under
attraction at insensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Adhesive attraction, attraction between surfaces of
sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening
substance. (2.)
Cohesive attraction, attraction between ultimate particles,
whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation
or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of
gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the
process of solidification or crystallization. The power in
adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of
cohesion. (3.)
Capillary attraction, attraction causing a liquid to rise,
in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level
outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any
porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid.
It is a special case of cohesive attraction. (4.)
Chemical attraction, or
affinity, that peculiar force which causes elementary
atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules.
2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power
or operation of attraction. --Newton.
3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or
engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of
beauty or eloquence.
4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.
Syn: Allurement; enticement; charm. Electrically
Electrically E*lec"tric*al*ly, adv.
In the manner of electricity, or by means of it; thrillingly.
Electricalness
Electricalness E*lec"tric*al*ness, a.
The state or quality of being electrical.
Electrician
Electrician E`lec*tri"cian, n.
An investigator of electricity; one versed in the science of
electricity.
Gymnotus electricusGymnotus Gym*no"tus, n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + ? the
back: cf. F. gymnote.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of South American fresh-water fishes, including the
Gymnotus electricus, or electric eel. It has a greenish,
eel-like body, and is possessed of electric power.
One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like from the
electric blow of the gymnotus. --De Quincey. Hydro-electricHydro-electric Hy`dro-e*lec"tric, a. [Hydro-, 1 + electric.]
Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of
electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is
used.
Hydro-electric machine (Physics), an apparatus invented by
Sir William Armstrong of England for generating
electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a
series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which
the steam is produced. Hydro-electric machineHydro-electric Hy`dro-e*lec"tric, a. [Hydro-, 1 + electric.]
Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of
electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is
used.
Hydro-electric machine (Physics), an apparatus invented by
Sir William Armstrong of England for generating
electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a
series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which
the steam is produced. Magneto-electricMagneto-electric Mag`net*o-e*lec"tric, Magneto-electrical
Mag`net*o-e*lec"tric*al, a. (Physics)
Pertaining to, or characterized by, electricity by the action
of magnets; as, magneto-electric induction.
Magneto-electric machine, a form of dynamo-electric machine
in which the field is maintained by permanent steel
magnets instead of electro-magnets. Magneto-electric machineMagneto-electric Mag`net*o-e*lec"tric, Magneto-electrical
Mag`net*o-e*lec"tric*al, a. (Physics)
Pertaining to, or characterized by, electricity by the action
of magnets; as, magneto-electric induction.
Magneto-electric machine, a form of dynamo-electric machine
in which the field is maintained by permanent steel
magnets instead of electro-magnets. Magneto-electricalMagneto-electric Mag`net*o-e*lec"tric, Magneto-electrical
Mag`net*o-e*lec"tric*al, a. (Physics)
Pertaining to, or characterized by, electricity by the action
of magnets; as, magneto-electric induction.
Magneto-electric machine, a form of dynamo-electric machine
in which the field is maintained by permanent steel
magnets instead of electro-magnets. Magneto-electricity
Magneto-electricity Mag`net*o-e`lec*tric"i*ty, n.
1. Electricity evolved by the action of magnets.
2. (Physics) That branch of science which treats of the
development of electricity by the action of magnets; --
the counterpart of electro-magnetism.
Nonelectric
Nonelectric Non`e*lec"tric, Nonelectrical Non`e*lec"tric*al,
a.
Not electric; conducting electricity.
Nonelectric
Nonelectric Non`e*lec"tric, n. (Physics)
A substance that is not an electric; that which transmits
electricity, as a metal.
Nonelectrical
Nonelectric Non`e*lec"tric, Nonelectrical Non`e*lec"tric*al,
a.
Not electric; conducting electricity.
Organic electricityOrganic Or*gan"ic, a. [L. organicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. organique.]
1. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an organ or its functions, or
to objects composed of organs; consisting of organs, or
containing them; as, the organic structure of animals and
plants; exhibiting characters peculiar to living
organisms; as, organic bodies, organic life, organic
remains. Cf. Inorganic.
2. Produced by the organs; as, organic pleasure. [R.]
3. Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or of art to
a certain destined function or end. [R.]
Those organic arts which enable men to discourse and
write perspicuously. --Milton.
4. Forming a whole composed of organs. Hence: Of or
pertaining to a system of organs; inherent in, or
resulting from, a certain organization; as, an organic
government; his love of truth was not inculcated, but
organic.
5. Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of the large series of
substances which, in nature or origin, are connected with
vital processes, and include many substances of artificial
production which may or may not occur in animals or
plants; -- contrasted with inorganic.
Note: The principles of organic and inorganic chemistry are
identical; but the enormous number and the completeness
of related series of organic compounds, together with
their remarkable facility of exchange and substitution,
offer an illustration of chemical reaction and homology
not to be paralleled in inorganic chemistry.
Organic analysis (Chem.), the analysis of organic
compounds, concerned chiefly with the determination of
carbon as carbon dioxide, hydrogen as water, oxygen as the
difference between the sum of the others and 100 per cent,
and nitrogen as free nitrogen, ammonia, or nitric oxide;
-- formerly called ultimate analysis, in distinction from
proximate analysis.
Organic chemistry. See under Chemistry.
Organic compounds. (Chem.) See Carbon compounds, under
Carbon.
Organic description of a curve (Geom.), the description of
a curve on a plane by means of instruments. --Brande & C.
Organic disease (Med.), a disease attended with morbid
changes in the structure of the organs of the body or in
the composition of its fluids; -- opposed to functional
disease.
Organic electricity. See under Electricity.
Organic law or laws, a law or system of laws, or
declaration of principles fundamental to the existence and
organization of a political or other association; a
constitution.
Organic stricture (Med.), a contraction of one of the
natural passages of the body produced by structural
changes in its walls, as distinguished from a spasmodic
stricture, which is due to muscular contraction. Photo-electric
Photo-electric Pho`to-e*lec"tric, a. [Photo- + electric.]
Acting by the operation of both light and electricity; --
said of apparatus for producing pictures by electric light.
Pyroelectric
Pyroelectric Pyr`o*e*lec"tric, a. [Pyro- + electric.]
(Physics)
Pertaining to, or dependent on, pyroelectricity; receiving
electric polarity when heated.
Meaning of Lectric from wikipedia
