- Co-solvents (in
water solvent) are
defined as
kosmotropic (order-making) if they
contribute to the
stability and
structure of water-water interactions...
- have a
larger effect than cations, and are
usually ordered as follows: (
kosmotropic) : C i t r a t e 3 − > F − > P O 4 3 − > S O 4 2 − > O A c − > M e S...
- and may
cause its denaturation. Conversely, an
antichaotropic agent (
kosmotropic) is a
molecule in an
aqueous solution that will
increase the hydrophobic...
- two polymers, one
polymer and one
kosmotropic salt, or two
salts (one
chaotropic salt and the
other a
kosmotropic salt) are
mixed at
appropriate concentrations...
-
concentration of the salt used. It also
depends on
whether the salt is
kosmotropic,
whereby the salt will
stabilize water. The
solubility of
proteins usually...
-
changes in pH. Of
critical importance is the type of salt used, with more
kosmotropic salts as
defined by the
Hofmeister series providing the most
water structuring...
-
effects on cell
turgor and functioning.
Brine pools also
exert ionic,
kosmotropic, and
chaotropic effects on the cells,
which also
causes additional challenges...
- solution. The
polymer phase used is
generally still PEG. Generally, a
kosmotropic salt, such as Na3PO4 is used,
however PEG–NaCl
systems have been do****ented...
-
usually based upon a
series of
extractions and
precipitations using kosmotropic molecules, for
example the
ammonium sulfate precipitation and the polyethyleneglycol...
-
increase in the
solvation layer around a protein. The
effectiveness of the
kosmotropic salts in
precipitating proteins follows the
order of the
Hofmeister series:...
