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Circular instrumentsCircular Cir"cu*lar, a. [L. circularis, fr. circulus circle:
cf. F. circulaire. See Circle.]
1. In the form of, or bounded by, a circle; round.
2. repeating itself; ending in itself; reverting to the point
of beginning; hence, illogical; inconclusive; as, circular
reasoning.
3. Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence,
mean; inferior. See Cyclic poets, under Cyclic.
Had Virgil been a circular poet, and closely adhered
to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?
--Dennis.
4. Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons having a
common interest; circulated, or intended for circulation;
as, a circular letter.
A proclamation of Henry III., . . . doubtless
circular throughout England. --Hallam.
5. Perfect; complete. [Obs.]
A man so absolute and circular In all those
wished-for rarities that may take A virgin captive.
--Massinger.
Circular are, any portion of the circumference of a circle.
Circular cubics (Math.), curves of the third order which
are imagined to pass through the two circular points at
infinity.
Circular functions. (Math.) See under Function.
Circular instruments, mathematical instruments employed for
measuring angles, in which the graduation extends round
the whole circumference of a circle, or 360[deg].
Circular lines, straight lines pertaining to the circle, as
sines, tangents, secants, etc.
Circular note or letter.
(a) (Com.) See under Credit.
(b) (Diplomacy) A letter addressed in identical terms to a
number of persons.
Circular numbers (Arith.), those whose powers terminate in
the same digits as the roots themselves; as 5 and 6, whose
squares are 25 and 36. --Bailey. --Barlow.
Circular points at infinity (Geom.), two imaginary points
at infinite distance through which every circle in the
plane is, in the theory of curves, imagined to pass.
Circular polarization. (Min.) See under Polarization.
Circular or Globular sailing (Naut.), the method of
sailing by the arc of a great circle.
Circular saw. See under Saw. InstrumentInstrument In"stru*ment, n. [F. instrument, L. instrumentum.
See Instruct.]
1. That by means of which any work is performed, or result is
effected; a tool; a utensil; an implement; as, the
instruments of a mechanic; astronomical instruments.
All the lofty instruments of war. --Shak.
2. A contrivance or implement, by which musical sounds are
produced; as, a musical instrument.
Praise him with stringed instruments and organs.
--Ps. cl. 4.
But signs when songs and instruments he hears.
--Dryden.
3. (Law) A writing, as the means of giving formal expression
to some act; a writing expressive of some act, contract,
process, as a deed, contract, writ, etc. --Burrill.
4. One who, or that which, is made a means, or is caused to
serve a purpose; a medium, means, or agent.
Or useful serving man and instrument, To any
sovereign state. --Shak.
The bold are but the instruments of the wise.
--Dryden.
Syn: Tool; implement; utensil; machine; apparatus; channel;
agent. Instrument
Instrument In"stru*ment, v. t.
To perform upon an instrument; to prepare for an instrument;
as, a sonata instrumented for orchestra.
InstrumentalismInstrumentalism In`stru*men"tal*ism, n. (Philos.)
The view that the sanction of truth is its utility, or that
truth is genuine only in so far as it is a valuable
instrument. -- In`stru*men"tal*ist, n.
Instrumentalism views truth as simply the value
belonging to certain ideas in so far as these ideas are
biological functions of our organisms, and
psychological functions whereby we direct our choices
and attain our successes. --Josiah
Royce. Instrumentalist
Instrumentalist In`stru*men"tal*ist, n.
One who plays upon an instrument of music, as distinguished
from a vocalist.
InstrumentalistInstrumentalism In`stru*men"tal*ism, n. (Philos.)
The view that the sanction of truth is its utility, or that
truth is genuine only in so far as it is a valuable
instrument. -- In`stru*men"tal*ist, n.
Instrumentalism views truth as simply the value
belonging to certain ideas in so far as these ideas are
biological functions of our organisms, and
psychological functions whereby we direct our choices
and attain our successes. --Josiah
Royce. InstrumentalitiesInstrumentality In`stru*men*tal"i*ty, n.; pl.
Instrumentalities.
The quality or condition of being instrumental; that which is
instrumental; anything used as a means; medium; agency.
The instrumentality of faith in justification. --Bp.
Burnet.
The discovery of gunpowder developed the science of
attack and defense in a new instrumentality. --J. H.
Newman. InstrumentalityInstrumentality In`stru*men*tal"i*ty, n.; pl.
Instrumentalities.
The quality or condition of being instrumental; that which is
instrumental; anything used as a means; medium; agency.
The instrumentality of faith in justification. --Bp.
Burnet.
The discovery of gunpowder developed the science of
attack and defense in a new instrumentality. --J. H.
Newman. Instrumentally
Instrumentally In`stru*men"tal*ly, adv.
1. By means of an instrument or agency; as means to an end.
--South.
They will argue that the end being essentially
beneficial, the means become instrumentally so.
--Burke.
2. With instruments of music; as, a song instrumentally
accompanied. --Mason.
Instrumentalness
Instrumentalness In`stru*men"tal*ness, n.
Usefulness or agency, as means to an end; instrumentality.
[R.] --Hammond.
Instrumentary
Instrumentary In`stru*men"ta*ry, a.
Instrumental. [R.]
Instrumentation
Instrumentation In`stru*men*ta"tion, n.
1. The act of using or adapting as an instrument; a series or
combination of instruments; means; agency.
Otherwise we have no sufficient instrumentation for
our human use or handling of so great a fact. --H.
Bushnell.
instrumentationOrchestration Or`ches*tra"tion, n. (Mus.)
The arrangement of music for an orchestra; orchestral
treatment of a composition; -- called also instrumentation. Instrumentist
Instrumentist In"stru*men`tist, n.
A performer on a musical instrument; an instrumentalist.
Prime-vertical transit instrument Prime and ultimate ratio. (Math.). See Ultimate.
Prime conductor. (Elec.) See under Conductor.
Prime factor (Arith.), a factor which is a prime number.
Prime figure (Geom.), a figure which can not be divided
into any other figure more simple than itself, as a
triangle, a pyramid, etc.
Prime meridian (Astron.), the meridian from which longitude
is reckoned, as the meridian of Greenwich or Washington.
Prime minister, the responsible head of a ministry or
executive government; applied particularly to that of
England.
Prime mover. (Mech.)
(a) A natural agency applied by man to the production of
power. Especially: Muscular force; the weight and
motion of fluids, as water and air; heat obtained by
chemical combination, and applied to produce changes
in the volume and pressure of steam, air, or other
fluids; and electricity, obtained by chemical action,
and applied to produce alternation of magnetic force.
(b) An engine, or machine, the object of which is to
receive and modify force and motion as supplied by
some natural source, and apply them to drive other
machines; as a water wheel, a water-pressure engine, a
steam engine, a hot-air engine, etc.
(c) Fig.: The original or the most effective force in any
undertaking or work; as, Clarkson was the prime mover
in English antislavery agitation.
Prime number (Arith.), a number which is exactly divisible
by no number except itself or unity, as 5, 7, 11.
Prime vertical (Astron.), the vertical circle which passes
through the east and west points of the horizon.
Prime-vertical dial, a dial in which the shadow is
projected on the plane of the prime vertical.
Prime-vertical transit instrument, a transit instrument the
telescope of which revolves in the plane of the prime
vertical, -- used for observing the transit of stars over
this circle. Repeating instruments Repeating instruments (Astron. & Surv.), instruments for
observing angles, as a circle, theodolite, etc., so
constructed that the angle may be measured several times
in succession, and different, but successive and
contiguous, portions of the graduated limb, before reading
off the aggregate result, which aggregate, divided by the
number of measurements, gives the angle, freed in a
measure from errors of eccentricity and graduation.
Repeating watch. See Repeater
(a)
Meaning of Instrum from wikipedia
