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Caisson disease
Caisson disease Cais"son dis*ease" (Med.)
A disease frequently induced by remaining for some time in an
atmosphere of high pressure, as in caissons, diving bells,
etc. It is characterized by neuralgic pains and paralytic
symptoms. It is variously explained, most probably as due to
congestion of internal organs with subsequent stasis of the
blood.
Chronic diseaseChronic Chron"ic, a. [L. chronicus, Gr. ? concerning time,
from ? time: cf. F. chronique.]
1. Relating to time; according to time.
2. Continuing for a long time; lingering; habitual.
Chronic disease, one which is inveterate, of long
continuance, or progresses slowly, in distinction from an
acute disease, which speedly terminates. Contagious disease
Contagious disease Con*ta"gious dis*ease" (Med.)
A disease communicable by contact with a patient suffering
from it, or with some secretion of, or object touched by,
such a patient. Most such diseases have already been proved
to be germ diseases, and their communicability depends on the
transmission of the living germs. Many germ diseases are not
contagious, some special method of transmission or
inoculation of the germs being required.
DiseaseDisease Dis*ease", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diseased; p. pr. &
vb. n. Diseasing.]
1. To deprive of ease; to disquiet; to trouble; to distress.
[Obs.]
His double burden did him sore disease. --Spenser.
2. To derange the vital functions of; to afflict with disease
or sickness; to disorder; -- used almost exclusively in
the participle diseased.
He was diseased in body and mind. --Macaulay. DiseaseDisease Dis*ease", n. [OE. disese, OF. desaise; des- (L. dis-)
+ aise ease. See Ease.]
1. Lack of ease; uneasiness; trouble; vexation; disquiet.
[Obs.]
So all that night they passed in great disease.
--Spenser.
To shield thee from diseases of the world. --Shak.
2. An alteration in the state of the body or of some of its
organs, interrupting or disturbing the performance of the
vital functions, and causing or threatening pain and
weakness; malady; affection; illness; sickness; disorder;
-- applied figuratively to the mind, to the moral
character and habits, to institutions, the state, etc.
Diseases desperate grown, By desperate appliances
are relieved. --Shak.
The instability, injustice, and confusion introduced
into the public counsels have, in truth, been the
mortal diseases under which popular governments have
every where perished. --Madison.
Disease germ. See under Germ.
Syn: Distemper; ailing; ailment; malady; disorder; sickness;
illness; complaint; indisposition; affection. --
Disease, Disorder, Distemper, Malady,
Affection. Disease is the leading medical term.
Disorder mean? much the same, with perhaps some slight
reference to an irregularity of the system. Distemper is
now used by physicians only of the diseases of animals.
Malady is not a medical term, and is less used than
formerly in literature. Affection has special reference
to the part, organ, or function disturbed; as, his
disease is an affection of the lungs. A disease is
usually deep-seated and permanent, or at least
prolonged; a disorder is often slight, partial, and
temporary; malady has less of a technical sense than the
other terms, and refers more especially to the suffering
endured. In a figurative sense we speak of a disease
mind, of disordered faculties, and of mental maladies. Disease germDisease Dis*ease", n. [OE. disese, OF. desaise; des- (L. dis-)
+ aise ease. See Ease.]
1. Lack of ease; uneasiness; trouble; vexation; disquiet.
[Obs.]
So all that night they passed in great disease.
--Spenser.
To shield thee from diseases of the world. --Shak.
2. An alteration in the state of the body or of some of its
organs, interrupting or disturbing the performance of the
vital functions, and causing or threatening pain and
weakness; malady; affection; illness; sickness; disorder;
-- applied figuratively to the mind, to the moral
character and habits, to institutions, the state, etc.
Diseases desperate grown, By desperate appliances
are relieved. --Shak.
The instability, injustice, and confusion introduced
into the public counsels have, in truth, been the
mortal diseases under which popular governments have
every where perished. --Madison.
Disease germ. See under Germ.
Syn: Distemper; ailing; ailment; malady; disorder; sickness;
illness; complaint; indisposition; affection. --
Disease, Disorder, Distemper, Malady,
Affection. Disease is the leading medical term.
Disorder mean? much the same, with perhaps some slight
reference to an irregularity of the system. Distemper is
now used by physicians only of the diseases of animals.
Malady is not a medical term, and is less used than
formerly in literature. Affection has special reference
to the part, organ, or function disturbed; as, his
disease is an affection of the lungs. A disease is
usually deep-seated and permanent, or at least
prolonged; a disorder is often slight, partial, and
temporary; malady has less of a technical sense than the
other terms, and refers more especially to the suffering
endured. In a figurative sense we speak of a disease
mind, of disordered faculties, and of mental maladies. Disease germGerm Germ, n. [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but,
germ. Cf. Germen, Germane.]
1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual; as, the
germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the
earliest form under which an organism appears.
In the entire process in which a new being
originates . . . two distinct classes of action
participate; namely, the act of generation by which
the germ is produced; and the act of development, by
which that germ is evolved into the complete
organism. --Carpenter.
2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle;
as, the germ of civil liberty.
Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny
bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax
bacillus and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have
been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See
Germ theory (below).
Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which
the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body
of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a
process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass
of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the
parent. See Ovum.
Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad.
Germ stock (Zo["o]l.), a special process on which buds are
developed in certain animals. See Doliolum.
Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can
be produced only by the evolution or development of living
germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As
applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that
the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and
multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of
which are either contained in the organism itself, or
transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation
theory. DiseasedDisease Dis*ease", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diseased; p. pr. &
vb. n. Diseasing.]
1. To deprive of ease; to disquiet; to trouble; to distress.
[Obs.]
His double burden did him sore disease. --Spenser.
2. To derange the vital functions of; to afflict with disease
or sickness; to disorder; -- used almost exclusively in
the participle diseased.
He was diseased in body and mind. --Macaulay. DiseasedDiseased Dis*eased", a.
Afflicted with disease.
It is my own diseased imagination that torments me.
--W. Irving.
Syn: See Morbid. Diseasedness
Diseasedness Dis*eas"ed*ness, n.
The state of being diseased; a morbid state; sickness. [R.]
--T. Burnet.
Diseaseful
Diseaseful Dis*ease"ful, a.
1. Causing uneasiness. [Obs.]
Disgraceful to the king and diseaseful to the
people. --Bacon.
2. Abounding with disease; producing diseases; as, a
diseaseful climate. [R.]
Diseasefulness
Diseasefulness Dis*ease"ful*ness, n.
The quality of being diseaseful; trouble; trial. [R.] --Sir
P. Sidney.
Diseasement
Diseasement Dis*ease"ment, n.
Uneasiness; inconvenience. [Obs.] --Bacon.
DiseasingDisease Dis*ease", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diseased; p. pr. &
vb. n. Diseasing.]
1. To deprive of ease; to disquiet; to trouble; to distress.
[Obs.]
His double burden did him sore disease. --Spenser.
2. To derange the vital functions of; to afflict with disease
or sickness; to disorder; -- used almost exclusively in
the participle diseased.
He was diseased in body and mind. --Macaulay. Essential disease 5. (Mus.) Necessary; indispensable; -- said of those tones
which constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental
or passing tones.
6. (Med.) Idiopathic; independent of other diseases.
Essential character (Biol.), the prominent characteristics
which serve to distinguish one genus, species, etc., from
another.
Essential disease, Essential fever (Med.), one that is
not dependent on another.
Essential oils (Chem.), a class of volatile oils, extracted
from plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its
characteristic odor, and hot burning taste. They are used
in essences, perfumery, etc., and include many varieties
of compounds; as lemon oil is a terpene, oil of bitter
almonds an aldehyde, oil of wintergreen an ethereal
salt, etc.; -- called also volatile oils in distinction
from the fixed or nonvolatile. Fermentation theory of disease 2. A state of agitation or excitement, as of the intellect or
the feelings.
It puts the soul to fermentation and activity.
--Jer. Taylor.
A univesal fermentation of human thought and faith.
--C. Kingsley.
Acetous, or Acetic, fermentation, a form of oxidation in
which alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by
the agency of a specific fungus or ferment (Mycoderma
aceti). The process involves two distinct reactions, in
which the oxygen of the air is essential. An intermediate
product, aldehyde, is formed in the first process. 1.
C2H6O + O = H2O + C2H4O
Note: Alcohol. Water. Aldehyde. 2. C2H4O + O = C2H4O2
Note: Aldehyde. Acetic acid.
Alcoholic fermentation, the fermentation which saccharine
bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast
plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly
or indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic acid, the rate of
action being dependent on the rapidity with which the
Torul[ae] develop.
Ammoniacal fermentation, the conversion of the urea of the
urine into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of the
special urea ferment. CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3
Note: Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate.
Note: Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels
for several days it undergoes this alkaline
fermentation.
Butyric fermentation, the decomposition of various forms of
organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar
worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric
acid. It is one of the many forms of fermentation that
collectively constitute putrefaction. See Lactic
fermentation.
Fermentation by an unorganized ferment or enzyme.
Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions,
in which the ferment acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of
this nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane
sugar into levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute
acids, the conversion of starch into dextrin and sugar by
similar treatment, the conversion of starch into like
products by the action of diastase of malt or ptyalin of
saliva, the conversion of albuminous food into peptones
and other like products by the action of
pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the
ferment of the pancreatic juice.
Fermentation theory of disease (Biol. & Med.), the theory
that most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are
caused by the introduction into the organism of the living
germs of ferments, or ferments already developed
(organized ferments), by which processes of fermentation
are set up injurious to health. See Germ theory.
Glycerin fermentation, the fermentation which occurs on
mixing a dilute solution of glycerin with a peculiar
species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime, and
other matter favorable to the growth of the plant, the
glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic acid,
butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium
(Bacillus subtilis) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are
mainly formed.
Lactic fermentation, the transformation of milk sugar or
other saccharine body into lactic acid, as in the souring
of milk, through the agency of a special bacterium
(Bacterium lactis of Lister). In this change the milk
sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid, presumably
passes through the stage of glucose. C12H22O11.H2O =
4C3H6O3
Note: Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid.
Note: In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the
lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo
butyric fermentation after the manner indicated in the
following equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) = C4H8O2
(butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen
gas).
Putrefactive fermentation. See Putrefaction. Filth diseaseFilth Filth, n. [OE. filthe, ful[eth]e, AS. f?l[eth], fr.
f[=u]l foul; akin to OHG. f[=u]lida. See Foul, and cf.
File.]
1. Foul matter; anything that soils or defiles; dirt;
nastiness.
2. Anything that sullies or defiles the moral character;
corruption; pollution.
To purify the soul from the dross and filth of
sensual delights. --Tillotson.
Filth disease (Med.), a disease supposed to be due to
pollution of the soil or water. Functional diseaseFunctional Func"tion*al, a.
1. Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty;
official.
2. (Physiol.) Pertaining to the function of an organ or part,
or to the functions in general.
Functional disease (Med.), a disease of which the symptoms
cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of
structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a
cause, often unknown, external to itself opposed to
organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected. Infectious disease
Infectious disease In*fec"tious dis*ease"
(a) Any disease caused by the entrance, growth, and
multiplication of bacteria or protozoans in the body; a
germ disease. It may not be contagious.
(b) Sometimes, as distinguished from contagious disease, such
a disease communicated by germs carried in the air or
water, and thus spread without contact with the patient,
as measles.
Insidious diseaseInsidious In*sid"i*ous, a. [L. insidiosus, fr. insidiae an
ambush, fr. insidere to sit in; pref. in- + sedere to sit:
cf. F. insidieux. See Sit.]
1. Lying in wait; watching an opportunity to insnare or
entrap; deceitful; sly; treacherous; -- said of persons;
as, the insidious foe. ``The insidious witch.' --Cowper.
2. Intended to entrap; characterized by treachery and deceit;
as, insidious arts.
The insidious whisper of the bad angel. --Hawthorne.
Insidious disease (Med.), a disease existing, without
marked symptoms, but ready to become active upon some
slight occasion; a disease not appearing to be as bad as
it really is.
Syn: Crafty; wily; artful; sly; designing; guileful;
circumventive; treacherous; deceitful; deceptive. --
In*sid"i*ous*ly, adv. -- In*sid"i*ous*ness, n. Jumping disease
Jumping disease Jump"ing dis*ease"
A convulsive tic similar to or identical with miryachit,
observed among the woodsmen of Maine.
Loco disease
Loco disease Loco disease (Veter.)
A chronic nervous affection of cattle, horses, and sheep,
caused by eating the loco weed and characterized by a slow,
measured gait, high step, glassy eyes with defective vision,
delirium, and gradual emaciation.
Misease
Misease Mis*ease", n. [OE. mesaise, OF. mesaise.]
Want of ease; discomfort; misery. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Miseased
Miseased Mis*eased", a.
Having discomfort or misery; troubled. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Miseasy
Miseasy Mis*eas"y, a.
Not easy; painful. [Obs.]
Organic diseaseOrganic Or*gan"ic, a. [L. organicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. organique.]
1. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an organ or its functions, or
to objects composed of organs; consisting of organs, or
containing them; as, the organic structure of animals and
plants; exhibiting characters peculiar to living
organisms; as, organic bodies, organic life, organic
remains. Cf. Inorganic.
2. Produced by the organs; as, organic pleasure. [R.]
3. Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or of art to
a certain destined function or end. [R.]
Those organic arts which enable men to discourse and
write perspicuously. --Milton.
4. Forming a whole composed of organs. Hence: Of or
pertaining to a system of organs; inherent in, or
resulting from, a certain organization; as, an organic
government; his love of truth was not inculcated, but
organic.
5. Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of the large series of
substances which, in nature or origin, are connected with
vital processes, and include many substances of artificial
production which may or may not occur in animals or
plants; -- contrasted with inorganic.
Note: The principles of organic and inorganic chemistry are
identical; but the enormous number and the completeness
of related series of organic compounds, together with
their remarkable facility of exchange and substitution,
offer an illustration of chemical reaction and homology
not to be paralleled in inorganic chemistry.
Organic analysis (Chem.), the analysis of organic
compounds, concerned chiefly with the determination of
carbon as carbon dioxide, hydrogen as water, oxygen as the
difference between the sum of the others and 100 per cent,
and nitrogen as free nitrogen, ammonia, or nitric oxide;
-- formerly called ultimate analysis, in distinction from
proximate analysis.
Organic chemistry. See under Chemistry.
Organic compounds. (Chem.) See Carbon compounds, under
Carbon.
Organic description of a curve (Geom.), the description of
a curve on a plane by means of instruments. --Brande & C.
Organic disease (Med.), a disease attended with morbid
changes in the structure of the organs of the body or in
the composition of its fluids; -- opposed to functional
disease.
Organic electricity. See under Electricity.
Organic law or laws, a law or system of laws, or
declaration of principles fundamental to the existence and
organization of a political or other association; a
constitution.
Organic stricture (Med.), a contraction of one of the
natural passages of the body produced by structural
changes in its walls, as distinguished from a spasmodic
stricture, which is due to muscular contraction. passion or diseaseIschiadic Is`chi*ad"ic, a. [L. ischiadicus, Gr. ?, fr. ? the
hip joint, hip or loin. Cf. Sciatic.] (Anat.)
Ischial. [R.]
Ischiadic passion or disease (Med.), a rheumatic or
neuralgic affection of some part about the hip joint; --
called also sciatica. Phosphorus diseasePhosphorus Phos"phor*us, n.; pl. Phosphori. [L., the morning
star, Gr. ?, lit., light bringer; ? light + ? to bring.]
1. The morning star; Phosphor.
2. (Chem.) A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen
group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy
substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell. It
is very active chemically, must be preserved under water,
and unites with oxygen even at ordinary temperatures,
giving a faint glow, -- whence its name. It always occurs
compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral
apatite, in bones, etc. It is used in the composition on
the tips of friction matches, and for many other purposes.
The molecule contains four atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight
31.0.
3. (Chem.) Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like
phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies.
Bologna phosphorus (Chem.), sulphide of barium, which
shines in the dark after exposure to light; -- so called
because this property was discovered by a resident of
Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to other compounds
having similar properties.
Metallic phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of
phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic crystalline
substance, having very inert chemical properties. It is
obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel
at a high temperature.
Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among workers
in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and
other symptoms.
Red, or Amorphous, phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic
modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder
by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is
not poisonous, is not phosphorescent, and is only
moderately active chemically. It is valuable as a chemical
reagent, and is used in the composition of the friction
surface on which safety matches are ignited.
Solar phosphori (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which
shine in the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other
intense light. skinbound diseaseSclerema Scle*re"ma, n. [NL., fr. Gr. sklhro`s hard.] (Med.)
Induration of the cellular tissue.
Sclerema of adults. See Scleroderma.
Sclerema neonatorum[NL., of the newborn], an affection
characterized by a peculiar hardening and rigidity of the
cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues in the newly born. It
is usually fatal. Called also skinbound disease. Skinbound diseaseSkinbound Skin"bound`, a.
Having the skin adhering closely and rigidly to the flesh;
hidebound.
Skinbound disease. (Med.) See Sclerema neonatorum, under
Sclerema.
Meaning of ISEAS from wikipedia
