- hyperparasitic.
Hyperparasitism developed from
primary parasitism,
which evolved in the Jur****ic
period in the Hymenoptera.
Hyperparasitism intrigues entomologists...
- in the table.
Among the many
variations on
parasitic strategies are
hyperparasitism,
social parasitism,
brood parasitism, kleptoparasitism, ****ual parasitism...
-
Cladosporium is a
genus of
fungi including some of the most
common indoor and
outdoor molds. Some
species are
endophytes or
plant pathogens,
while others...
-
antibiotics that
modify normal growth processes. The
mechasism of
hyperparasitism involves a
parasitic relationship where one organism,
typically a fungus...
- (ectoparasitism).
Hosts can
include other parasitoids,
resulting in
hyperparasitism; in the case of oak galls, up to five
levels of
parasitism are possible...
-
parasitoid wasp
Cotesia glomerata (L.) to
construct defensive webs
against hyperparasitism".
Ecological Research. 21 (4): 570. Bibcode:2006EcoR...21..570T. doi:10...
- fungi.
Lichenicolous fungi can also be
involved in
complex cases of
hyperparasitism,
where multiple levels of
parasitic relationships occur. In some instances...
-
attach themselves to a fish. H.
sarcotretis is a
species that
exhibits hyperparasitism by
attaching itself to a copepod,
itself the
parasite of a fish. In...
-
concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) in
central Virginia, and
their hyperparasitism by
Trigonalid wasps (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae)".
Environmental Entomology...
- 1016/j.ympev.2011.04.003. PMID 21540117. ****van,
Daniel J. (2009). "
Hyperparasitism".
Encyclopedia of Insects. Elsevier. pp. 486–488. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374144-8...
