- acid was once
mainly prepared by the
hydrocarboxylation of acetylene.
Hydroesterification is like
hydrocarboxylation, but it uses
alcohols in
place of water...
- have been
developed by
carbonylation of butadiene. For example, the
hydrocarboxylation proceeds as follows: CH2=CH−CH=CH2 + 2 CO + 2 H2O → HO2C(CH2)4CO2H...
-
colorless nonvolatile oil. It can be
produced by the palladium-catalyzed
hydrocarboxylation of cyclopentene: C5H8 + CO + H2O → C5H9CO2H An
alternative route involves...
-
abandoned for
economic or
environmental reasons. An
early method was the
hydrocarboxylation of
acetylene ("Reppe chemistry"): This
method requires nickel carbonyl...
- As
developed by
Atochem and Röhm,
isobutyric acid is
produced by
hydrocarboxylation of propene,
using HF as a catalyst: CH2=CHCH3 + CO + H2O → (CH3)2CHCO2H...
-
represent another source. Some
fatty acids are
produced synthetically by
hydrocarboxylation of alkenes. In animals,
fatty acids are
formed from carbohydrates...
-
Monsanto process and
Cativa processes.
Related reactions include hydrocarboxylation and hydroesterifications. A
number of polyolefins, e.g. polyethylene...
-
carbon monoxide to
alkenes or
alkynes is
catalyzed by
strong acids.
Hydrocarboxylations involve the
simultaneous addition of
water and CO. Such reactions...
-
olefin metathesis,
alkene polymerization,
alkene oligomerization,
hydrocarboxylation,
methanol carbonylation, and hydroformylation.
Organometallic intermediates...
- ammonolysis. In industry,
propionic acid is
mainly produced by the
hydrocarboxylation of
ethylene using nickel carbonyl as the catalyst: It is also produced...
