-
oxidative carbonylation of alkenes,
palladium complexes are used. In
hydrocarboxylation,
alkenes and
alkynes are the substrates. This
method is used to produce...
-
colorless nonvolatile oil. It can be
produced by the palladium-catalyzed
hydrocarboxylation of cyclopentene: C5H8 + CO + H2O → C5H9CO2H An
alternative route involves...
-
cycloaddition Hydride reduction Hydroamination Hydration Hydroboration Hydrocarboxylation Hydrocyanation Hydrodesulfurization Hydroformylation Hydrogenation...
-
abandoned for
economic or
environmental reasons. An
early method was the
hydrocarboxylation of
acetylene ("Reppe chemistry"): This
method requires nickel carbonyl...
- have been
developed by
carbonylation of butadiene. For example, the
hydrocarboxylation proceeds as follows: CH2=CH−CH=CH2 + 2 CO + 2 H2O → HO2C(CH2)4CO2H...
- As
developed by
Atochem and Röhm,
isobutyric acid is
produced by
hydrocarboxylation of propene,
using HF as a catalyst: CH2=CHCH3 + CO + H2O → (CH3)2CHCO2H...
-
represent another source. Some
fatty acids are
produced synthetically by
hydrocarboxylation of alkenes. In animals,
fatty acids are
formed from carbohydrates...
-
hydroformylation of propylene. It can also be
prepared by the high
pressure hydrocarboxylation (Koch reaction) from propylene: CH3CH=CH2 + CO + H2O → (CH3)2CHCO2H...
-
olefin metathesis,
alkene polymerization,
alkene oligomerization,
hydrocarboxylation,
methanol carbonylation, and hydroformylation.
Organometallic intermediates...
-
reaction is a form of carbonylation. A
closely related reaction is
hydrocarboxylation,
which employs water in
place of alcohols. A
commercial application...
