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CarbohydrateCarbohydrate Car`bo*hy"drate, n. [Carbon + hydrate.] (Physiol.
Chem.)
One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches,
and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon
atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen
atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to
form water; as dextrose, C6H12O6. Chloral hydrateChloral Chlo"ral, n. [Chlorine + alcohol.]
1. (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, CCl3.CHO, of a pungent
odor and harsh taste, obtained by the action of chlorine
upon ordinary or ethyl alcohol.
2. (Med.) Chloral hydrate.
Chloral hydrate, a white crystalline substance, obtained by
treating chloral with water. It produces sleep when taken
internally or hypodermically; -- called also chloral. Cryohydrate
Cryohydrate Cry`o*hy"drate (kr?`?-h?"dr?t), n. [Gr. kry`os
cold + E. hydrate.] (Chem.)
A substance, as salt, ammonium chloride, etc., which
crystallizes with water of crystallization only at low
temperatures, or below the freezing point of water. -- F.
Guthrie.
Dehydrate
Dehydrate De*hy"drate, v. t. (Chem.)
To deprive of water; to render free from water; as, to
dehydrate alcohol.
Dehydration
Dehydration De`hy*dra"tion, n. (Chem.)
The act or process of freeing from water; also, the condition
of a body from which the water has been removed.
HydrateHydrate Hy"drate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Hydrating.]
To form into a hydrate; to combine with water. Hydrate
Hydrate Hy"drate, n. [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. F. hydrate.]
(Chem.)
(a) A compound formed by the union of water with some other
substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain
crystallized salts.
(b) A substance which does not contain water as such, but has
its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged
that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or
compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or
common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or slaked lime.
HydratedHydrate Hy"drate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Hydrating.]
To form into a hydrate; to combine with water. Hydrated
Hydrated Hy"dra*ted, a.
Formed into a hydrate; combined with water.
HydratingHydrate Hy"drate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Hydrating.]
To form into a hydrate; to combine with water. HydrationHydration Hy*dra"tion, n. (Chem.)
The act of becoming, or state of being, a hydrate.
Water of hydration (Chem.), water chemically combined with
some substance to form a hydrate; -- distinguished from
water of crystallization. phenyl sulphydrateThiophenol Thi`o*phe"nol, n. [Thio- + phenol.] (Chem.)
A colorless mobile liquid, C6H5.SH, of an offensive odor,
and analogous to phenol; -- called also phenyl sulphydrate. sodium hydrateSodium So"di*um, n. [NL., fr.E. soda.] (Chem.)
A common metallic element of the alkali group, in nature
always occuring combined, as in common salt, in albite, etc.
It is isolated as a soft, waxy, white, unstable metal, so
readily oxidized that it combines violently with water, and
to be preserved must be kept under petroleum or some similar
liquid. Sodium is used combined in many salts, in the free
state as a reducer, and as a means of obtaining other metals
(as magnesium and aluminium) is an important commercial
product. Symbol Na (Natrium). Atomic weight 23. Specific
gravity 0.97.
Sodium amalgam, an alloy of sodium and mercury, usually
produced as a gray metallic crystalline substance, which
is used as a reducing agent, and otherwise.
Sodium bicarbonate, a white crystalline substance,
HNaCO3, with a slight alkaline taste resembling that of
sodium carbonate. It is found in many mineral springs and
also produced artificially,. It is used in cookery, in
baking powders, and as a source of carbonic acid gas
(carbon dioxide) for soda water. Called also cooking
soda, saleratus, and technically, acid sodium
carbonate, primary sodium carbonate, sodium
dicarbonate, etc.
Sodium carbonate, a white crystalline substance,
Na2CO3.10H2O, having a cooling alkaline taste, found in
the ashes of many plants, and produced artifically in
large quantities from common salt. It is used in making
soap, glass, paper, etc., and as alkaline agent in many
chemical industries. Called also sal soda, washing
soda, or soda. Cf. Sodium bicarbonate, above and
Trona.
Sodium chloride, common, or table, salt, NaCl.
Sodium hydroxide, a white opaque brittle solid, NaOH,
having a fibrous structure, produced by the action of
quicklime, or of calcium hydrate (milk of lime), on sodium
carbonate. It is a strong alkali, and is used in the
manufacture of soap, in making wood pulp for paper, etc.
Called also sodium hydrate, and caustic soda. By
extension, a solution of sodium hydroxide. SulphydrateSulphydrate Sul*phy"drate, n. (Chem.)
A compound, analogous to a hydrate, regarded as a salt of
sulphydric acid, or as a derivative of hydrogen sulphide in
which one half of the hydrogen is replaced by a base (as
potassium sulphydrate, KSH), or as a hydrate in which the
oxygen has been wholly or partially replaced by sulphur. Water of hydrationHydration Hy*dra"tion, n. (Chem.)
The act of becoming, or state of being, a hydrate.
Water of hydration (Chem.), water chemically combined with
some substance to form a hydrate; -- distinguished from
water of crystallization.
Meaning of Hydrat from wikipedia
