-
surrounded by tentacles,
which can be
pulled back
inside the animal.
Holothuroids measure generally between 10 and 30
centimetres (3.9 and 11.8 in) long...
-
internal organs or a
toxin into the
water when stressed. Sea
apples are
holothuroids, and as such
share many of the same
physical characteristics. A few notable...
-
species gains one of its
names from its close-knit
relationship with
holothuroids, the sea cu****bers. L.
orbicularis should not be
confused with L. laevis...
-
dioecious with ****es in
separate individuals.
Unlike other echinoderms,
holothuroids possess only a
single gonad. The
water vascular system of holot****ans...
-
madreporite may be on the oral
surface and the
podia lack suckers. In
holothuroids, the
system is reduced,
often with few tube feet
other than the specialised...
-
distinct white spots, and can be wrinkled.
Although the
bivium is hard, all
holothuroids have a
reduced skeleton of
isolated ossicles in the body wall. A distinct...
- Synallactida.
Members of this
family are
mostly large or medium-sized
holothuroids with an
angular body
shape (almost
forming a
squarish cross-section)...
-
changes as it matures, from
benthic invertebrates such as
crustaceans and
holothuroids when
young to
mesopelagic and
bathypelagic fish, sea
urchins and cephalopods...
- Wilkinson,
Clive R. (1985). "Exploitation of
sponge exudates by
coral reef
holothuroids".
Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 94 (1–3): 1–9....
- Purcell,
Steven W. (June 2016). "Movement and
growth of the
coral reed
holothuroids Bahadschia argus and
Thelonata ananas" (PDF).
Marine Ecology Progress...
