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Attraction of gravitationAttraction At*trac"tion, n. [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.]
1. (Physics) An invisible power in a body by which it draws
anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually
between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them
together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and
conversely resisting separation.
Note: Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible
distances, and is variously denominated according to
its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at
sensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Attraction of gravitation, which acts at all distances
throughout the universe, with a force proportional
directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and
inversely to the square of their distances apart. (2.)
Magnetic, diamagnetic, and electrical attraction, each
of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in
its action, a property dependent on the quality or
condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under
attraction at insensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Adhesive attraction, attraction between surfaces of
sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening
substance. (2.)
Cohesive attraction, attraction between ultimate particles,
whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation
or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of
gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the
process of solidification or crystallization. The power in
adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of
cohesion. (3.)
Capillary attraction, attraction causing a liquid to rise,
in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level
outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any
porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid.
It is a special case of cohesive attraction. (4.)
Chemical attraction, or
affinity, that peculiar force which causes elementary
atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules.
2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power
or operation of attraction. --Newton.
3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or
engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of
beauty or eloquence.
4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.
Syn: Allurement; enticement; charm. attraction of gravitationGravitation Grav"i*ta"tion, n. [Cf. F. gravitation. See
Gravity.]
1. The act of gravitating.
2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all
bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward
each other; called also attraction of gravitation,
universal gravitation, and universal gravity. See
Attraction, and Weight.
Law of gravitation, that law in accordance with which
gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or
portions of matter in the universe attract each other with
a force proportional directly to the quantity of matter
they contain, and inversely to the squares of their
distances. Belgravian
Belgravian Bel*gra"vi*an, a.
Belonging to Belgravia (a fashionable quarter of London,
around Pimlico), or to fashionable life; aristocratic.
Center of gravityCenter Cen"ter, n. [F. centre, fr. L. centrum, fr. round which
a circle is described, fr. ? to prick, goad.]
1. A point equally distant from the extremities of a line,
figure, or body, or from all parts of the circumference of
a circle; the middle point or place.
2. The middle or central portion of anything.
3. A principal or important point of concentration; the
nucleus around which things are gathered or to which they
tend; an object of attention, action, or force; as, a
center of attaction.
4. The earth. [Obs.] --Shak.
5. Those members of a legislative assembly (as in France) who
support the existing government. They sit in the middle of
the legislative chamber, opposite the presiding officer,
between the conservatives or monarchists, who sit on the
right of the speaker, and the radicals or advanced
republicans who occupy the seats on his left, See Right,
and Left.
6. (Arch.) A temporary structure upon which the materials of
a vault or arch are supported in position until the work
becomes self-supporting.
7. (Mech.)
(a) One of the two conical steel pins, in a lathe, etc.,
upon which the work is held, and about which it
revolves.
(b) A conical recess, or indentation, in the end of a
shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center,
on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.
Note: In a lathe the
live center is in the spindle of the head stock; the
dead center is on the tail stock.
Planer centers are stocks carrying centers, when the object
to be planed must be turned on its axis.
Center of an army, the body or troops occupying the place
in the line between the wings.
Center of a curve or surface (Geom.)
(a) A point such that every line drawn through the point
and terminated by the curve or surface is bisected at
the point.
(b) The fixed point of reference in polar co["o]rdinates.
See Co["o]rdinates.
Center of curvature of a curve (Geom.), the center of that
circle which has at any given point of the curve closer
contact with the curve than has any other circle whatever.
See Circle.
Center of a fleet, the division or column between the van
and rear, or between the weather division and the lee.
Center of gravity (Mech.), that point of a body about which
all its parts can be balanced, or which being supported,
the whole body will remain at rest, though acted upon by
gravity.
Center of gyration (Mech.), that point in a rotating body
at which the whole mass might be concentrated
(theoretically) without altering the resistance of the
intertia of the body to angular acceleration or
retardation.
Center of inertia (Mech.), the center of gravity of a body
or system of bodies.
Center of motion, the point which remains at rest, while
all the other parts of a body move round it.
Center of oscillation, the point at which, if the whole
matter of a suspended body were collected, the time of
oscillation would be the same as it is in the actual form
and state of the body.
Center of percussion, that point in a body moving about a
fixed axis at which it may strike an obstacle without
communicating a shock to the axis.
Center of pressure (Hydros.), that point in a surface
pressed by a fluid, at which, if a force equal to the
whole pressure and in the same line be applied in a
contrary direction, it will balance or counteract the
whole pressure of the fluid. Center of gravity 3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence,
seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of
the place where they were uttered. --Burke.
4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center
of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the
center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.
5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.
Center of gravity See under Center.
Gravity battery, See Battery, n., 4.
Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the
weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the
standard or unit. This standard is usually water for
solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the
specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk
for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water. Electro-engraving
Electro-engraving E*lec`tro-en*grav"ing, n.
The art or process of engraving by means of electricity.
Engraving
Engraving En*grav"ing, n.
1. The act or art of producing upon hard material incised or
raised patterns, characters, lines, and the like;
especially, the art of producing such lines, etc., in the
surface of metal plates or blocks of wood. Engraving is
used for the decoration of the surface itself; also, for
producing an original, from which a pattern or design may
be printed on paper.
2. That which is engraved; an engraved plate.
3. An impression from an engraved plate, block of wood, or
other material; a print.
Note: Engraving on wood is called xylography; on copper,
chalcography; on stone lithography. Engravings or
prints take from wood blocks are usually called wood
cuts, those from stone, lithographs.
Gravic
Gravic Grav"ic, a.
Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as, gravic forces;
gravic attraction. [R.]
GravidGravid Grav"id, a. [L. gravidus, fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See
Grave, a.]
Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a
gravid uterus; gravid piety. `` His gravid associate.' --Sir
T. Herbert. GravidatedGravidated Grav"i*da"ted, a. [L. gravidatus, p. p. of
gravidare to load, impregnate. See Gravid.]
Made pregnant; big. [Obs.] --Barrow. Gravidation
Gravidation Grav"i*da"tion, n.
Gravidity. [Obs.]
Gravidity
Gravidity Gra*vid"i*ty, n. [L. graviditas.]
The state of being gravidated; pregnancy. [R.]
GraviesGravy Gra"vy, n.; pl. Gravies. [OE. greavie; prob. fr.
greaves, graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See
Greaves.]
1. The juice or other liquid matter that drips from flesh in
cooking, made into a dressing for the food when served up.
2. Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc. Gravigrade
Gravigrade Grav"i*grade, a. [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Slow-paced. -- n. One of the pachyderms.
Gravimeter
Gravimeter Gra*vim"e*ter, n. [L. gravis heavy + -meter: cf. F.
gravim[`e]tre.] (Physics)
An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of
bodies.
Gravimetric analysisGravimetric Grav"i*met"ric, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by
weight. -- Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly, adv.
Gravimetric analysis (Chem.), analysis in which the amounts
of the constituents are determined by weight; -- in
distinction from volumetric analysis. GravimetricallyGravimetric Grav"i*met"ric, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by
weight. -- Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly, adv.
Gravimetric analysis (Chem.), analysis in which the amounts
of the constituents are determined by weight; -- in
distinction from volumetric analysis. Graving
Graving Grav"ing, n. [From Grave to dig.]
l. The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp.
by incision or in intaglio.
2. That which is graved or carved. [R.]
Skillful to . . . grave any manner of graving. --2
Chron. ii. 14.
3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart.
New gravings upon their souls. --Eikon
Basilike
Graving dockDock Dock, n. [Akin to D. dok; of uncertain origin; cf. LL.
doga ditch, L. doga ditch, L. doga sort of vessel, Gr. ?
receptacle, fr. ? to receive.]
1. An artificial basin or an inclosure in connection with a
harbor or river, -- used for the reception of vessels, and
provided with gates for keeping in or shutting out the
tide.
2. The slip or water way extending between two piers or
projecting wharves, for the reception of ships; --
sometimes including the piers themselves; as, to be down
on the dock.
3. The place in court where a criminal or accused person
stands.
Balance dock, a kind of floating dock which is kept level
by pumping water out of, or letting it into, the
compartments of side chambers.
Dry dock, a dock from which the water may be shut or pumped
out, especially, one in the form of a chamber having walls
and floor, often of masonry and communicating with deep
water, but having appliances for excluding it; -- used in
constructing or repairing ships. The name includes
structures used for the examination, repairing, or
building of vessels, as graving docks, floating docks,
hydraulic docks, etc.
Floating dock, a dock which is made to become buoyant, and,
by floating, to lift a vessel out of water.
Graving dock, a dock for holding a ship for graving or
cleaning the bottom, etc.
Hydraulic dock, a dock in which a vessel is raised clear of
the water by hydraulic presses.
Naval dock, a dock connected with which are naval stores,
materials, and all conveniences for the construction and
repair of ships.
Sectional dock, a form of floating dock made in separate
sections or caissons.
Slip dock, a dock having a sloping floor that extends from
deep water to above high-water mark, and upon which is a
railway on which runs a cradle carrying the ship.
Wet dock, a dock where the water is shut in, and kept at a
given level, to facilitate the loading and unloading of
ships; -- also sometimes used as a place of safety; a
basin. GravitateGravitate Grav"i*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gravitated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Gravitating.] [Cf. F. graviter. See
Gravity.]
To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure,
or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend
in any direction or toward any object.
Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all
bodies gravitate toward each other. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the
stronger party. --Macaulay. GravitatedGravitate Grav"i*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gravitated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Gravitating.] [Cf. F. graviter. See
Gravity.]
To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure,
or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend
in any direction or toward any object.
Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all
bodies gravitate toward each other. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the
stronger party. --Macaulay. GravitatingGravitate Grav"i*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gravitated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Gravitating.] [Cf. F. graviter. See
Gravity.]
To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure,
or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend
in any direction or toward any object.
Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all
bodies gravitate toward each other. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the
stronger party. --Macaulay. GravitationGravitation Grav"i*ta"tion, n. [Cf. F. gravitation. See
Gravity.]
1. The act of gravitating.
2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all
bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward
each other; called also attraction of gravitation,
universal gravitation, and universal gravity. See
Attraction, and Weight.
Law of gravitation, that law in accordance with which
gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or
portions of matter in the universe attract each other with
a force proportional directly to the quantity of matter
they contain, and inversely to the squares of their
distances. Gravitation constantConstant Con"stant, n.
1. (Astron.) A number whose value, when ascertained (as by
observation) and substituted in a general mathematical
formula expressing an astronomical law, completely
determines that law and enables predictions to be made of
its effect in particular cases.
2. (Physics) A number expressing some property or condition
of a substance or of an instrument of precision; as, the
dielectric constant of quartz; the collimation constant of
a transit instrument.
Aberration constant, or Constant of aberration (Astron.),
a number which by substitution in the general formula for
aberration enables a prediction to be made of the effect
of aberration on a star anywhere situated. Its value is
20[sec].47.
Constant of integration (Math.), an undetermined constant
added to every result of integration.
Gravitation constant (Physics), the acceleration per unit
of time produced by the attraction of a unit of mass at
unit distance. When this is known the acceleration
produced at any distance can be calculated.
Solar constant (Astron.), the quantity of heat received by
the earth from the sun in a unit of time. It is, on the C.
G. S. system, 0.0417 small calories per square centimeter
per second. --Young. Gravitational
Gravitational Grav`i*tation*al, a. (Physics)
Of or pertaining to the force of gravity; as, gravitational
units.
Gravitative
Gravitative Gravi*ta*tive, a.
Causing to gravitate; tending to a center. --Coleridge.
gravityFault Fault, n.
1. (Elec.) A defective point in an electric circuit due to a
crossing of the parts of the conductor, or to contact with
another conductor or the earth, or to a break in the
circuit.
2. (Geol. & Mining) A dislocation caused by a slipping of
rock masses along a plane of facture; also, the dislocated
structure resulting from such slipping.
Note: The surface along which the dislocated masses have
moved is called the
fault plane. When this plane is vertical, the fault is a
vertical fault; when its inclination is such that the
present relative position of the two masses could have
been produced by the sliding down, along the fault plane,
of the mass on its upper side, the fault is a
normal, or gravity, fault. When the fault plane is so
inclined that the mass on its upper side has moved up
relatively, the fault is then called a
reverse (or reversed), thrust, or overthrust,
fault. If no vertical displacement has resulted, the fault
is then called a
horizontal fault. The linear extent of the dislocation
measured on the fault plane and in the direction of
movement is the
displacement; the vertical displacement is the
throw; the horizontal displacement is the
heave. The direction of the line of intersection of the
fault plane with a horizontal plane is the
trend of the fault. A fault is a
strike fault when its trend coincides approximately with
the strike of associated strata (i.e., the line of
intersection of the plane of the strata with a horizontal
plane); it is a
dip fault when its trend is at right angles to the strike;
an
oblique fault when its trend is oblique to the strike.
Oblique faults and dip faults are sometimes called
cross faults. A series of closely associated parallel
faults are sometimes called
step faults and sometimes
distributive faults. Gravity battery 3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence,
seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of
the place where they were uttered. --Burke.
4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center
of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the
center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.
5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.
Center of gravity See under Center.
Gravity battery, See Battery, n., 4.
Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the
weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the
standard or unit. This standard is usually water for
solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the
specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk
for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water. Gravity railwayRailroad Rail"road`, Railway Rail"way`, n.
1. A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of
iron or steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks
for the wheels of vehicles, and suitably supported on a
bed or substructure.
Note: The modern railroad is a development and adaptation of
the older tramway.
2. The road, track, etc., with al the lands, buildings,
rolling stock, franchises, etc., pertaining to them and
constituting one property; as, certain railroad has been
put into the hands of a receiver.
Note: Railway is the commoner word in England; railroad the
commoner word in the United States.
Note: In the following and similar phrases railroad and
railway are used interchangeably:
Atmospheric railway, Elevated railway, etc. See under
Atmospheric, Elevated, etc.
Cable railway. See Cable road, under Cable.
Perry railway, a submerged track on which an elevated
platform runs, fro carrying a train of cars across a water
course.
Gravity railway, a railway, in a hilly country, on which
the cars run by gravity down gentle slopes for long
distances after having been hauled up steep inclines to an
elevated point by stationary engines.
Railway brake, a brake used in stopping railway cars or
locomotives.
Railway car, a large, heavy vehicle with flanged wheels
fitted for running on a railway. [U.S.]
Railway carriage, a railway passenger car. [Eng.]
Railway scale, a platform scale bearing a track which forms
part of the line of a railway, for weighing loaded cars.
Railway slide. See Transfer table, under Transfer.
Railway spine (Med.), an abnormal condition due to severe
concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs in railroad
accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other
disturbances of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain
in the back, impairment of general health, and cerebral
disturbance, -- the symptoms often not developing till
some months after the injury.
Underground railroad or railway.
(a) A railroad or railway running through a tunnel, as
beneath the streets of a city.
(b) Formerly, a system of co["o]peration among certain
active antislavery people in the United States, by
which fugitive slaves were secretly helped to reach
Canada.
Note: [In the latter sense railroad, and not railway, was
used.] ``Their house was a principal entrep[^o]t of the
underground railroad.' --W. D. Howells.
Meaning of Gravi from wikipedia
