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Animal magnetismAnimal An"i*mal, a. [Cf. F. animal.]
1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.
2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as
distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or
spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.
3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food.
Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism.
Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some
animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc.
Animal flower (Zo["o]l.), a name given to certain marine
animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or
sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes,
etc.
Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a
living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at
nearly a uniform temperature.
Animal spirits. See under Spirit.
Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with
animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under
these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera,
Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in
regular subordination, but variously arranged by different
writers.
Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms,
and the principal classes under them, generally
recognized at the present time: Biomagnetic
Biomagnetic Bi`o*mag*net"ic, a.
Relating to biomagnetism.
Biomagnetism
Biomagnetism Bi`o*mag"net*ism, n. [Gr. ? life + E. magnetism.]
Animal magnetism.
DemagnetizationDemagnetize De*mag"net*ize, v. t.
1. To deprive of magnetic properties. See Magnetize.
If the bar be rapidly magnetized and demagnetized.
--Am. Cyc.
2. To free from mesmeric influence; to demesmerize. --
De*mag`net*i*za"tion, n. -- De*mag"net*i`zer, n. DemagnetizeDemagnetize De*mag"net*ize, v. t.
1. To deprive of magnetic properties. See Magnetize.
If the bar be rapidly magnetized and demagnetized.
--Am. Cyc.
2. To free from mesmeric influence; to demesmerize. --
De*mag`net*i*za"tion, n. -- De*mag"net*i`zer, n. DemagnetizerDemagnetize De*mag"net*ize, v. t.
1. To deprive of magnetic properties. See Magnetize.
If the bar be rapidly magnetized and demagnetized.
--Am. Cyc.
2. To free from mesmeric influence; to demesmerize. --
De*mag`net*i*za"tion, n. -- De*mag"net*i`zer, n. DiamagneticDiamagnetic Di`a*mag*net"ic, a.
Pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, diamagnetism;
taking, or being of a nature to take, a position at right
angles to the lines of magnetic force. See Paramagnetic.
Diamagnetic attraction. See under Attraction. Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic Di`a*mag*net"ic, n.
Any substance, as bismuth, glass, phosphorous, etc., which in
a field of magnetic force is differently affected from the
ordinary magnetic bodies, as iron; that is, which tends to
take a position at right angles to the lines of magnetic
force, and is repelled by either pole of the magnet.
diamagneticAttraction At*trac"tion, n. [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.]
1. (Physics) An invisible power in a body by which it draws
anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually
between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them
together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and
conversely resisting separation.
Note: Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible
distances, and is variously denominated according to
its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at
sensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Attraction of gravitation, which acts at all distances
throughout the universe, with a force proportional
directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and
inversely to the square of their distances apart. (2.)
Magnetic, diamagnetic, and electrical attraction, each
of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in
its action, a property dependent on the quality or
condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under
attraction at insensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Adhesive attraction, attraction between surfaces of
sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening
substance. (2.)
Cohesive attraction, attraction between ultimate particles,
whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation
or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of
gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the
process of solidification or crystallization. The power in
adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of
cohesion. (3.)
Capillary attraction, attraction causing a liquid to rise,
in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level
outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any
porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid.
It is a special case of cohesive attraction. (4.)
Chemical attraction, or
affinity, that peculiar force which causes elementary
atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules.
2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power
or operation of attraction. --Newton.
3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or
engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of
beauty or eloquence.
4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.
Syn: Allurement; enticement; charm. Diamagnetic attractionDiamagnetic Di`a*mag*net"ic, a.
Pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, diamagnetism;
taking, or being of a nature to take, a position at right
angles to the lines of magnetic force. See Paramagnetic.
Diamagnetic attraction. See under Attraction. Diamagnetically
Diamagnetically Di`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
In the manner of, or according to, diamagnetism.
Diamagnetism
Diamagnetism Di`a*mag"net*ism, n.
1. The science which treats of diamagnetic phenomena, and of
the properties of diamagnetic bodies.
2. That form or condition of magnetic action which
characterizes diamagnetics.
Electro-magneticElectro-magnetic E*lec`tro-mag*net"ic, a.
Of, Pertaining to, or produced by, magnetism which is
developed by the passage of an electric current.
Electro-magnetic engine, an engine in which the motive
force is electro-magnetism.
Electro-magnetic theory of light (Physics), a theory of
light which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of
transient electric currents moving transversely to the
direction of the ray. Electro-magnetic engineElectro-magnetic E*lec`tro-mag*net"ic, a.
Of, Pertaining to, or produced by, magnetism which is
developed by the passage of an electric current.
Electro-magnetic engine, an engine in which the motive
force is electro-magnetism.
Electro-magnetic theory of light (Physics), a theory of
light which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of
transient electric currents moving transversely to the
direction of the ray. Electro-magnetic theory of lightElectro-magnetic E*lec`tro-mag*net"ic, a.
Of, Pertaining to, or produced by, magnetism which is
developed by the passage of an electric current.
Electro-magnetic engine, an engine in which the motive
force is electro-magnetism.
Electro-magnetic theory of light (Physics), a theory of
light which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of
transient electric currents moving transversely to the
direction of the ray. Electro-magnetism
Electro-magnetism E*lec`tro-mag"net*ism, n.
The magnetism developed by a current of electricity; the
science which treats of the development of magnetism by means
of voltaic electricity, and of the properties or actions of
the currents evolved.
Magnetic
Magnetic Mag*net"ic, n.
1. A magnet. [Obs.]
As the magnetic hardest iron draws. --Milton.
2. Any metal, as iron, nickel, cobalt, etc., which may
receive, by any means, the properties of the loadstone,
and which then, when suspended, fixes itself in the
direction of a magnetic meridian.
MagneticAttraction At*trac"tion, n. [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.]
1. (Physics) An invisible power in a body by which it draws
anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually
between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them
together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and
conversely resisting separation.
Note: Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible
distances, and is variously denominated according to
its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at
sensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Attraction of gravitation, which acts at all distances
throughout the universe, with a force proportional
directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and
inversely to the square of their distances apart. (2.)
Magnetic, diamagnetic, and electrical attraction, each
of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in
its action, a property dependent on the quality or
condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under
attraction at insensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Adhesive attraction, attraction between surfaces of
sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening
substance. (2.)
Cohesive attraction, attraction between ultimate particles,
whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation
or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of
gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the
process of solidification or crystallization. The power in
adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of
cohesion. (3.)
Capillary attraction, attraction causing a liquid to rise,
in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level
outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any
porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid.
It is a special case of cohesive attraction. (4.)
Chemical attraction, or
affinity, that peculiar force which causes elementary
atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules.
2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power
or operation of attraction. --Newton.
3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or
engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of
beauty or eloquence.
4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.
Syn: Allurement; enticement; charm. Magnetic amplitudeAmplitude Am"pli*tude, n. [L. amplitudo, fr. amplus: cf. F.
amplitude. See Ample.]
1. State of being ample; extent of surface or space;
largeness of dimensions; size.
The cathedral of Lincoln . . . is a magnificent
structure, proportionable to the amplitude of the
diocese. --Fuller.
2. Largeness, in a figurative sense; breadth; abundance;
fullness.
(a) Of extent of capacity or intellectual powers.
``Amplitude of mind.' --Milton. ``Amplitude of
comprehension.' --Macaulay.
(b) Of extent of means or resources. ``Amplitude of
reward.' --Bacon.
3. (Astron.)
(a) The arc of the horizon between the true east or west
point and the center of the sun, or a star, at its
rising or setting. At the rising, the amplitude is
eastern or ortive: at the setting, it is western,
occiduous, or occasive. It is also northern or
southern, when north or south of the equator.
(b) The arc of the horizon between the true east or west
point and the foot of the vertical circle passing
through any star or object.
4. (Gun.) The horizontal line which measures the distance to
which a projectile is thrown; the range.
5. (Physics) The extent of a movement measured from the
starting point or position of equilibrium; -- applied
especially to vibratory movements.
6. (math.) An angle upon which the value of some function
depends; -- a term used more especially in connection with
elliptic functions.
Magnetic amplitude, the angular distance of a heavenly
body, when on the horizon, from the magnetic east or west
point as indicated by the compass. The difference between
the magnetic and the true or astronomical amplitude (see 3
above) is the ``variation of the compass.' Magnetic dipDip Dip, n.
1. The action of dipping or plunging for a moment into a
liquid. ``The dip of oars in unison.' --Glover.
2. Inclination downward; direction below a horizontal line;
slope; pitch.
3. A liquid, as a sauce or gravy, served at table with a
ladle or spoon. [Local, U.S.] --Bartlett.
4. A dipped candle. [Colloq.] --Marryat.
Dip of the horizon (Astron.), the angular depression of the
seen or visible horizon below the true or natural horizon;
the angle at the eye of an observer between a horizontal
line and a tangent drawn from the eye to the surface of
the ocean.
Dip of the needle, or Magnetic dip, the angle formed, in
a vertical plane, by a freely suspended magnetic needle,
or the line of magnetic force, with a horizontal line; --
called also inclination.
Dip of a stratum (Geol.), its greatest angle of inclination
to the horizon, or that of a line perpendicular to its
direction or strike; -- called also the pitch. Magnetic ironIron I"ron ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [=i]ren,
[=i]sen, [=i]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [=i]sarn, OHG.
[=i]sarn, [=i]san, G. eisen, Icel. [=i]sarn, j[=a]rn, Sw. &
Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W. haiarn,
Armor. houarn.]
1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast iron,
steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears dark brown,
from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or on a fresh
surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized
(rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive
agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic weight 55.9.
Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In
magnetic properties, it is superior to all other
substances.
Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects requiring the
attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron. magnetic ironMagnetite Mag"net*ite, n. (Min.)
An oxide of iron (Fe3O4) occurring in isometric crystals,
also massive, of a black color and metallic luster. It is
readily attracted by a magnet and sometimes possesses
polarity, being then called loadstone. It is an important
iron ore. Called also magnetic iron. Magnetic pyritesPyrites Py*ri"tes, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? fire. See Pyre.]
(Min.)
A name given to a number of metallic minerals, sulphides of
iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, and tin, of a white or
yellowish color.
Note: The term was originally applied to the mineral pyrite,
or iron pyrites, in allusion to its giving sparks when
struck with steel.
Arsenical pyrites, arsenopyrite.
Auriferous pyrites. See under Auriferous.
Capillary pyrites, millerite.
Common pyrites, isometric iron disulphide; pyrite.
Hair pyrites, millerite.
Iron pyrites. See Pyrite.
Magnetic pyrites, pyrrhotite.
Tin pyrites, stannite.
White iron pyrites, orthorhombic iron disulphide;
marcasite. This includes cockscomb pyrites (a variety of
marcasite, named in allusion to its form), spear pyrites,
etc.
Yellow, or Copper, pyrites, the sulphide of copper and
iron; chalcopyrite. magnetic pyritesPyrrhotine Pyr"rho*tine, Pyrrhotite Pyr"rho*tite, n. [Gr. ?
flame-colored, fr. ? fire.] (Min.)
A bronze-colored mineral, of metallic luster. It is a
sulphide of iron, and is remarkable for being attracted by
the magnet. Called also magnetic pyrites. Magnetic stormStorm Storm, n. [AS. storm; akin to D. storm, G. sturm, Icel.
stormr; and perhaps to Gr. ? assault, onset, Skr. s? to flow,
to hasten, or perhaps to L. sternere to strew, prostrate (cf.
Stratum). [root]166.]
1. A violent disturbance of the atmosphere, attended by wind,
rain, snow, hail, or thunder and lightning; hence, often,
a heavy fall of rain, snow, or hail, whether accompanied
with wind or not.
We hear this fearful tempest sing, Yet seek no
shelter to avoid the storm. --Shak.
2. A violent agitation of human society; a civil, political,
or domestic commotion; sedition, insurrection, or war;
violent outbreak; clamor; tumult.
I will stir up in England some black storm. --Shak.
Her sister Began to scold and raise up such a storm.
--Shak.
3. A heavy shower or fall, any adverse outburst of tumultuous
force; violence.
A brave man struggling in the storms of fate.
--Pope.
4. (Mil.) A violent assault on a fortified place; a furious
attempt of troops to enter and take a fortified place by
scaling the walls, forcing the gates, or the like.
Note: Storm is often used in the formation of self-explained
compounds; as, storm-presaging, stormproof,
storm-tossed, and the like.
Magnetic storm. See under Magnetic.
Storm-and-stress period [a translation of G. sturm und
drang periode], a designation given to the literary
agitation and revolutionary development in Germany under
the lead of Goethe and Schiller in the latter part of the
18th century.
Storm center (Meteorol.), the center of the area covered by
a storm, especially by a storm of large extent.
Storm door (Arch.), an extra outside door to prevent the
entrance of wind, cold, rain, etc.; -- usually removed in
summer. Magnetically
Magnetically Mag*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
By or as by, magnetism.
Magneticalness
Magneticalness Mag*net"ic*al*ness, n.
Quality of being magnetic.
Magnetician
Magnetician Mag`ne*ti"cian, n.
One versed in the science of magnetism; a magnetist.
Magnetics
Magnetics Mag*net"ics, n.
The science of magnetism.
Magnetiferous
Magnetiferous Mag`net*if"er*ous, a. [L. magnes, -etis +
-ferous.]
Producing or conducting magnetism.
Meaning of Gneti from wikipedia
