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Bacterium anthracisAnthrax vaccine An"thrax vac"cine (Veter.)
A fluid vaccine obtained by growing a bacterium (Bacterium
anthracis) in beef broth. It is used to immunize animals,
esp. cattle. Bacterium lacticum or lactisLactic Lac"tic, a. [L. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. lactique. See
Lacteal, and cf. Galactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Of or pertaining to milk; procured from sour milk or whey;
as, lactic acid; lactic fermentation, etc.
Lactic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a sirupy, colorless fluid,
soluble in water, with an intensely sour taste and strong
acid reaction. There are at least three isomeric
modifications all having the formula C3H6O3. Sarcolactic
or paralactic acid occurs chiefly in dead muscle tissue,
while ordinary lactic acid results from fermentation. The
two acids are alike in having the same constitution
(expressed by the name ethylidene lactic acid), but the
latter is optically inactive, while sarcolactic acid
rotates the plane of polarization to the right. The third
acid, ethylene lactic acid, accompanies sarcolactic acid
in the juice of flesh, and is optically inactive.
Lactic ferment, an organized ferment (Bacterium lacticum
or lactis), which produces lactic fermentation,
decomposing the sugar of milk into carbonic and lactic
acids, the latter, of which renders the milk sour, and
precipitates the casein, thus giving rise to the so-called
spontaneous coagulation of milk.
Lactic fermentation. See under Fermentation. Bacterium lactisZymogenic ym`o*gen"ic, a. (Biol.)
(a) Pertaining to, or formed by, a zymogene.
(b) Capable of producing a definite zymogen or ferment.
Zymogenic organism (Biol.), a micro["o]rganism, such as the
yeast plant of the Bacterium lactis, which sets up
certain fermentative processes by which definite chemical
products are formed; -- distinguished from a pathogenic
organism. Cf. Micrococcus. Bacterium lactis 2. A state of agitation or excitement, as of the intellect or
the feelings.
It puts the soul to fermentation and activity.
--Jer. Taylor.
A univesal fermentation of human thought and faith.
--C. Kingsley.
Acetous, or Acetic, fermentation, a form of oxidation in
which alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by
the agency of a specific fungus or ferment (Mycoderma
aceti). The process involves two distinct reactions, in
which the oxygen of the air is essential. An intermediate
product, aldehyde, is formed in the first process. 1.
C2H6O + O = H2O + C2H4O
Note: Alcohol. Water. Aldehyde. 2. C2H4O + O = C2H4O2
Note: Aldehyde. Acetic acid.
Alcoholic fermentation, the fermentation which saccharine
bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast
plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly
or indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic acid, the rate of
action being dependent on the rapidity with which the
Torul[ae] develop.
Ammoniacal fermentation, the conversion of the urea of the
urine into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of the
special urea ferment. CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3
Note: Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate.
Note: Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels
for several days it undergoes this alkaline
fermentation.
Butyric fermentation, the decomposition of various forms of
organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar
worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric
acid. It is one of the many forms of fermentation that
collectively constitute putrefaction. See Lactic
fermentation.
Fermentation by an unorganized ferment or enzyme.
Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions,
in which the ferment acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of
this nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane
sugar into levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute
acids, the conversion of starch into dextrin and sugar by
similar treatment, the conversion of starch into like
products by the action of diastase of malt or ptyalin of
saliva, the conversion of albuminous food into peptones
and other like products by the action of
pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the
ferment of the pancreatic juice.
Fermentation theory of disease (Biol. & Med.), the theory
that most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are
caused by the introduction into the organism of the living
germs of ferments, or ferments already developed
(organized ferments), by which processes of fermentation
are set up injurious to health. See Germ theory.
Glycerin fermentation, the fermentation which occurs on
mixing a dilute solution of glycerin with a peculiar
species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime, and
other matter favorable to the growth of the plant, the
glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic acid,
butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium
(Bacillus subtilis) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are
mainly formed.
Lactic fermentation, the transformation of milk sugar or
other saccharine body into lactic acid, as in the souring
of milk, through the agency of a special bacterium
(Bacterium lactis of Lister). In this change the milk
sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid, presumably
passes through the stage of glucose. C12H22O11.H2O =
4C3H6O3
Note: Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid.
Note: In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the
lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo
butyric fermentation after the manner indicated in the
following equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) = C4H8O2
(butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen
gas).
Putrefactive fermentation. See Putrefaction. Bacterium ureaeUrea U"re*a, a. [NL. See Urine.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A very soluble crystalline body which is the chief
constituent of the urine in mammals and some other animals.
It is also present in small quantity in blood, serous fluids,
lymph, the liver, etc.
Note: It is the main product of the regressive metamorphosis
(katabolism) of proteid matter in the body, and is
excreted daily to the amount of about 500 grains by a
man of average weight. Chemically it is carbamide,
CO(NH2)2, and when heated with strong acids or
alkalies is decomposed into carbonic acid and ammonia.
It unites with acids to form salts, as nitrate of urea,
and it can be made synthetically from ammonium cyanate,
with which it is isomeric.
Urea ferment, a soluble ferment formed by certain bacteria,
which, however, yield the ferment from the body of their
cells only after they have been killed by alcohol. It
causes urea to take up water and decompose into carbonic
acid and ammonia. Many different bacteria possess this
property, especially Bacterium ure[ae] and Micrococcus
ure[ae], which are found abundantly in urines undergoing
alkaline fermentation. Brontotherium
Brontotherium Bron`to*the"ri*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? thunder +
? beast.] (Paleon.)
A genus of large extinct mammals from the miocene strata of
western North America. They were allied to the rhinoceros,
but the skull bears a pair of powerful horn cores in front of
the orbits, and the fore feet were four-toed. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Cerium
Cerium Ce"ri*um, n. [Named by Berzelius in 1803 from the
asteroid Ceres, then just discovered (1801).] (Chem.)
A rare metallic element, occurring in the minerals cerite,
allanite, monazite, etc. Symbol Ce. Atomic weight 141.5. It
resembles iron in color and luster, but is soft, and both
malleable and ductile. It tarnishes readily in the air.
Cheirotherium
Cheirotherium Chei`ro*the"ri*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? hand + ?
beast.] (Poleon.)
A genus of extinct animals, so named from fossil footprints
rudely resembling impressions of the human hand, and believed
to have been made by labyrinthodont reptiles. See
Illustration in Appendix.
CoccobacteriumCoccobacterium Coc`co*bac*te"ri*um, n.; pl. Coccobacteria.
[NL., fr. Gr. ? a grain + NL. bacterium. So called from its
round shape.] (Biol.)
One of the round variety of bacteria, a vegetable organism,
generally less than a thousandth of a millimeter in diameter. ColleteriumColleterium Col`le*te"ri*um, n. [NL. See Colletic.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An organ of female insects, containing a cement to unite the
ejected ova. DeinotheriumDeinotherium Dei`no*the"ri*um
(d[imac]`n[-o]*th[=e]"r[i^]*[u^]m), n. [NL.] (Paleon.)
See Dinotherium. Dinotherium
Dinothere Di"no*there, Dinotherium Di`no*the"ri*um, n. [NL.
dinotherium, fr. Gr. ? terrible + ? beast.] (Paleon.)
A large extinct proboscidean mammal from the miocene beds of
Europe and Asia. It is remarkable fora pair of tusks directed
downward from the decurved apex of the lower jaw.
DromatheriumDromatherium Drom`a*the"ri*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? running + ?
beast. See Dromedary.] (Paleon.)
A small extinct triassic mammal from North Carolina, the
earliest yet found in America. Ecbalium ElateriumCucumber Cu"cum*ber (k?`k?m-b?r, formerly kou"k?m-b?r), n.[OE.
cucumer, cocumber, cucumber, fr. L. cucmis, gen. cucumeris;
cf. OF. cocombre,F. concombre.] (Bot.)
A creeping plant, and its fruit, of several species of the
genus Cucumis, esp. Cucumis sativus, the unripe fruit of
which is eaten either fresh or picked. Also, similar plants
or fruits of several other genera. See below.
Bitter cucumber (Bot.), the Citrullus or Cucumis
Colocynthis. See Colocynth.
Cucumber beetle. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small, black flea-beetle (Crepidodera cucumeris),
which destroys the leaves of cucumber, squash, and melon
vines.
(b) The squash beetle.
Cucumber tree.
(a) A large ornamental or shade tree of the genus Magnolia
(M. acuminata), so called from a slight resemblance of
its young fruit to a small cucumber.
(b) An East Indian plant (Averrhoa Bilimbi) which produces
the fruit known as bilimbi.
Jamaica cucumber, Jerusalem cucumber, the prickly-fruited
gherkin (Cucumis Anguria).
Snake cucumber, a species (Cucumis flexuosus) remarkable
for its long, curiously-shaped fruit.
Squirting cucumber, a plant (Ecbalium Elaterium) whose
small oval fruit separates from the footstalk when ripe
and expels its seeds and juice with considerable force
through the opening thus made. See Elaterium.
Star cucumber, a climbing weed (Sicyos angulatus) with
prickly fruit. ElateriumElaterium El`a*te"ri*um, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, neut. of ?
driving. See 2d Elater.]
A cathartic substance obtained, in the form of yellowish or
greenish cakes, as the dried residue of the juice of the wild
or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly called
Momordica Elaterium). GigeriumGigerium Gi*ge"ri*um, n.; pl. Gigeria. [NL., fr. L. gigeria,
pl., the cooked entrails of poultry.] (Anat.)
The muscular stomach, or gizzard, of birds. Gynerium argenteumPampas Pam"pas, n. pl. [Sp., fr. Peruv. pampa a field, plain.]
Vast plains in the central and southern part of the Argentine
Republic in South America. The term is sometimes used in a
wider sense for the plains extending from Bolivia to Southern
Patagonia.
Pampas cat (Zo["o]l.), a South American wild cat (Felis
pajeros). It has oblique transverse bands of yellow or
brown. It is about three and a half feet long. Called also
straw cat.
Pampas deer (Zo["o]l.), a small, reddish-brown, South
American deer (Cervus, or Blastocerus, campestris).
Pampas grass (Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass
(Gynerium argenteum) with a silvery-white silky panicle.
It is a native of the pampas of South America. ImperiumImperium Im*pe"ri*um, n.; pl. Imperia. [L. See Empire.]
1. Supreme power; absolute dominion; empire.
2. (Law) The right to command, which includes the right to
employ the force of the state to enforce the laws. It is
one of the principal attributes of the executive power. Machaerium SchomburgkiiTiger Ti"ger, n. [OE. tigre, F. tigre, L. tigris, Gr. ti`gris;
probably of Persian origin; cf. Zend tighra pointed, tighri
an arrow, Per. t[=i]r; perhaps akin to E. stick, v.t.; --
probably so named from its quickness.]
1. A very large and powerful carnivore (Felis tigris)
native of Southern Asia and the East Indies. Its back and
sides are tawny or rufous yellow, transversely striped
with black, the tail is ringed with black, the throat and
belly are nearly white. When full grown, it equals or
exceeds the lion in size and strength. Called also royal
tiger, and Bengal tiger.
2. Fig.: A ferocious, bloodthirsty person.
As for heinous tiger, Tamora. --Shak.
3. A servant in livery, who rides with his master or
mistress. --Dickens.
4. A kind of growl or screech, after cheering; as, three
cheers and a tiger. [Colloq. U. S.]
5. A pneumatic box or pan used in refining sugar.
American tiger. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The puma.
(b) The jaguar.
Clouded tiger (Zo["o]l.), a handsome striped and spotted
carnivore (Felis macrocelis or F. marmorata) native of
the East Indies and Southern Asia. Its body is about three
and a half feet long, and its tail about three feet long.
Its ground color is brownish gray, and the dark markings
are irregular stripes, spots, and rings, but there are
always two dark bands on the face, one extending back from
the eye, and one from the angle of the mouth. Called also
tortoise-shell tiger.
Mexican tiger (Zo["o]l.), the jaguar.
Tiger beetle (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
active carnivorous beetles of the family Cicindelid[ae].
They usually inhabit dry or sandy places, and fly rapidly.
Tiger bittern. (Zo["o]l.) See Sun bittern, under Sun.
Tiger cat (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of wild
cats of moderate size with dark transverse bars or stripes
somewhat resembling those of the tiger.
Tiger flower (Bot.), an iridaceous plant of the genus
Tigridia (as T. conchiflora, T. grandiflora, etc.)
having showy flowers, spotted or streaked somewhat like
the skin of a tiger.
Tiger grass (Bot.), a low East Indian fan palm
(Cham[ae]rops Ritchieana). It is used in many ways by
the natives. --J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).
Tiger lily. (Bot.) See under Lily.
Tiger moth (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of moths
of the family Arctiad[ae] which are striped or barred
with black and white or with other conspicuous colors. The
larv[ae] are called woolly bears.
Tiger shark (Zo["o]l.), a voracious shark (Galeocerdo
maculatus or tigrinus) more or less barred or spotted
with yellow. It is found in both the Atlantic and Indian
Ocean. Called also zebra shark.
Tiger shell (Zo["o]l.), a large and conspicuously spotted
cowrie (Cypr[ae]a tigris); -- so called from its fancied
resemblance to a tiger in color and markings. Called also
tiger cowrie.
Tiger wolf (Zo["o]l.), the spotted hyena (Hy[ae]na
crocuta).
Tiger wood, the variegated heartwood of a tree
(Mach[ae]rium Schomburgkii) found in Guiana. Madisterium
Madisterium Mad`is*te"ri*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.] (Surg.)
An instrument to extract hairs.
Megatherium
Megathere Meg"a*there, Megatherium Meg`a*the"ri*um, n. [NL.
megatherium, fr. Gr. me`gas great + thyri`on beast.]
(Paleon.)
An extinct gigantic quaternary mammal, allied to the
ant-eaters and sloths. Its remains are found in South
America.
Momordica ElateriumElaterium El`a*te"ri*um, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, neut. of ?
driving. See 2d Elater.]
A cathartic substance obtained, in the form of yellowish or
greenish cakes, as the dried residue of the juice of the wild
or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly called
Momordica Elaterium). Motordica ElateriumElater El"a*ter, n. (Chem.)
The active principle of elaterium, being found in the juice
of the wild or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste,
formerly Motordica Elaterium) and other related species. It
is extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance, which
is a violent purgative. Nototherium
Nototherium No`to*the"ri*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? the south + ?
a wild animal.] (Zo["o]l.)
An extinct genus of gigantic herbivorous marsupials, found in
the Pliocene formation of Australia.
OsmateriumOsmaterium Os`ma*te"ri*um, n.; pl. Osmateria. [NL., fr. Gr.
? smell.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of a pair of scent organs which the larv[ae] of certain
butterflies emit from the first body segment, either above or
below. PalaeotheriumPaleotherium Pa`le*o*the"ri*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? ancient + ?
beast.] (Paleon.)
An extinct genus of herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once
supposed to have resembled the tapir in form, but now known
to have had a more slender form, with a long neck like that
of a llama. [Written also Pal[ae]otherium.] PaleotheriumPaleotherium Pa`le*o*the"ri*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? ancient + ?
beast.] (Paleon.)
An extinct genus of herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once
supposed to have resembled the tapir in form, but now known
to have had a more slender form, with a long neck like that
of a llama. [Written also Pal[ae]otherium.] PoteriumBurnet Bur"net, n. [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the
plant perh. being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim.
of brun brown; cf. OF. brunete a sort of flower. See
Brunette.] (Bot.)
A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially,
P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet.
Burnet moth (Zo["o]l.), in England, a handsome moth
(Zyg[ae]na filipendula), with crimson spots on the
wings.
Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage.
Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis).
Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba)
oficinalis. Poterium CanadensisBurnet Bur"net, n. [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the
plant perh. being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim.
of brun brown; cf. OF. brunete a sort of flower. See
Brunette.] (Bot.)
A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially,
P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet.
Burnet moth (Zo["o]l.), in England, a handsome moth
(Zyg[ae]na filipendula), with crimson spots on the
wings.
Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage.
Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis).
Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba)
oficinalis. Poterium or Sanguisorba oficinalisBurnet Bur"net, n. [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the
plant perh. being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim.
of brun brown; cf. OF. brunete a sort of flower. See
Brunette.] (Bot.)
A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially,
P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet.
Burnet moth (Zo["o]l.), in England, a handsome moth
(Zyg[ae]na filipendula), with crimson spots on the
wings.
Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage.
Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis).
Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba)
oficinalis.
Meaning of Erium from wikipedia
