- Each
vertebra (pl.: vertebrae) is an
irregular bone with a
complex structure composed of bone and some
hyaline cartilage, that make up the
vertebral column...
- to the
diapophyses at the sides) were
nearly vertical because the
prezygapophyses were
situated higher up on the
vertebrae than the
diapophyses. The PRDLs...
-
serve as
muscle attachment points.
Common types are
transverse process,
diapophyses, parapophyses, and
zygapophyses (both the
cranial zygapophyses and the...
- for the
intrusion of air sacs, were
larger than in Giraffatitan. The
diapophyses (large
projections extending sideways from the
neural arch of the vertebrae)...
-
ventrally under the centrum.
These parapophyses in
conjunction with
dense diapophyses and
cervical ribs were
strong anchors for neck muscles,
which could sustain...
- vertebrae. The ribs of the last four back
vertebrae were
fused to the
diapophyses and
parapophyses (the
structures that
articulated the ribs with the vertebrae)...
- hourgl****-shaped
centra (the base of a vertebra) and
rounded ventral keels. The
diapophyses are
large and
strongly angled posteriorily and
parallel to each other...
- This
caudal was incomplete,
missing much of the
neural spine, but had
diapophyses that
would conjugate with the chevrons. The
sides of its
centrum were...
-
prezygapophyses (articular
surfaces of the
preceding vertebra) and the
diapophyses—processes on the
sides for rib articulation—a
condition that is not observed...
-
vertebrae further towards the hip have the
parapophyses shift close to the
diapophyses,
fusing or
eliminating some of the
features they exhibit. However, in...
