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CombustionCombustion Com*bus"tion (?; 106), n. [L. combustio: cf. F.
combustion.]
1. The state of burning.
2. (Chem.) The combination of a combustible with a supporter
of combustion, producing heat, and sometimes both light
and heat.
Combustion results in common cases from the mutual
chemical action and reaction of the combustible and
the oxygen of the atmosphere, whereby a new compound
is formed. --Ure.
Supporter of combustion (Chem.), a gas, as oxygen, the
combination of which with a combustible, as coal,
constitutes combustion.
3. Violent agitation; confusion; tumult. [Obs.]
There [were] great combustions and divisions among
the heads of the university. --Mede.
But say from whence this new combustion springs.
--Dryden. Combustion chamber
Combustion chamber Com*bus"tion cham`ber (Mech.)
(a) A space over, or in front of, a boiler furnace where the
gases from the fire become more thoroughly mixed and
burnt.
(b) The clearance space in the cylinder of an internal
combustion engine where the charge is compressed and
ignited.
Combustious
Combustious Com*bus"tious, a.
Inflammable. [Obs.] --Shak.
Internal-combustion
Internal-combustion In*ter"nal-com*bus"tion, a. (Mach.)
Designating, or pertaining to, any engine (called an
Internal-combustion engineInternal-combustion engine Internal-combustion engine) in
which the heat or pressure energy necessary to produce motion
is developed in the engine cylinder, as by the explosion of a
gas, and not in a separate chamber, as in a steam-engine
boiler. The gas used may be a fixed gas, or one derived from
alcohol, ether, gasoline (petrol), naphtha, oil (petroleum),
etc. There are three main classes: (1) gas engines proper,
using fixed gases, as coal, blast-furnace, or producer gas;
(2) engines using the vapor of a volatile fluid, as the
typical gasoline (petrol) engine; (3) oil engines, using
either an atomized spray or the vapor (produced by heat) of a
comparatively heavy oil, as petroleum or kerosene. In all of
these the gas is mixed with a definite amount of air, the
charge is composed in the cylinder and is then exploded
either by a flame of gas (
flame ignition -- now little used), by a hot tube (
tube ignition) or the like, by an electric spark (
electric ignition, the usual method is gasoline engines, or
by the heat of compression, as in the Diesel engine. Gas
and oil engines are chiefly of the stationary type.
Gasoline engines are largely used for automobile vehicles,
boats, etc. Most internal-combustion engines use the Otto
(four-stroke) cycle, though many use the two-stroke cycle.
They are almost universally trunk engines and
single-acting. Because of the intense heat produced by the
frequent explosions, the cylinders must be cooled by a
water jacket (
water-cooled) or by air currents (
air cooled) to give the maximum thermodynamic efficiency
and to avoid excessive friction or seizing. Interne
In*terne", n. [F.] (F. pron. [a^]N`t[^a]rn") (Med.)
A resident physician in a hospital; a house physician. Spontaneous combustionSpontaneous Spon*ta"ne*ous, a. [L. spontaneus, fr. sponte of
free will, voluntarily.]
1. Proceding from natural feeling, temperament, or
disposition, or from a native internal proneness,
readiness, or tendency, without constraint; as, a
spontaneous gift or proportion.
2. Proceeding from, or acting by, internal impulse, energy,
or natural law, without external force; as, spontaneous
motion; spontaneous growth.
3. Produced without being planted, or without human labor;
as, a spontaneous growth of wood.
Spontaneous combustion, combustion produced in a substance
by the evolution of heat through the chemical action of
its own elements; as, the spontaneous combustion of waste
matter saturated with oil.
Spontaneous generation. (Biol.) See under Generation.
Syn: Voluntary; uncompelled; willing.
Usage: Spontaneous, Voluntary. What is voluntary is the
result of a volition, or act of choice; it therefore
implies some degree of consideration, and may be the
result of mere reason without excited feeling. What is
spontaneous springs wholly from feeling, or a sudden
impulse which admits of no reflection; as, a
spontaneous burst of applause. Hence, the term is also
applied to things inanimate when they are produced
without the determinate purpose or care of man.
``Abstinence which is but voluntary fasting, and . . .
exercise which is but voluntary labor.' --J. Seed.
Spontaneous joys, where nature has its play, The
soul adopts, and owns their firstborn away.
--Goldsmith.
-- Spon*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Spon*ta"ne*ous*ness,
n. Supporter of combustionCombustion Com*bus"tion (?; 106), n. [L. combustio: cf. F.
combustion.]
1. The state of burning.
2. (Chem.) The combination of a combustible with a supporter
of combustion, producing heat, and sometimes both light
and heat.
Combustion results in common cases from the mutual
chemical action and reaction of the combustible and
the oxygen of the atmosphere, whereby a new compound
is formed. --Ure.
Supporter of combustion (Chem.), a gas, as oxygen, the
combination of which with a combustible, as coal,
constitutes combustion.
3. Violent agitation; confusion; tumult. [Obs.]
There [were] great combustions and divisions among
the heads of the university. --Mede.
But say from whence this new combustion springs.
--Dryden.
Meaning of Combustio from wikipedia
