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Civil engineeringEngineering En`gi*neer"ing, n.
Originally, the art of managing engines; in its modern and
extended sense, the art and science by which the mechanical
properties of matter are made useful to man in structures and
machines; the occupation and work of an engineer.
Note: In a comprehensive sense, engineering includes
architecture as a mechanical art, in distinction from
architecture as a fine art. It was formerly divided
into military engineering, which is the art of
designing and constructing offensive and defensive
works, and civil engineering, in a broad sense, as
relating to other kinds of public works, machinery,
etc.
Civil engineering, in modern usage, is strictly the art of
planning, laying out, and constructing fixed public works,
such as railroads, highways, canals, aqueducts, water
works, bridges, lighthouses, docks, embankments,
breakwaters, dams, tunnels, etc.
Mechanical engineering relates to machinery, such as steam
engines, machine tools, mill work, etc.
Mining engineering deals with the excavation and working of
mines, and the extraction of metals from their ores, etc.
Engineering is further divided into steam engineering, gas
engineering, agricultural engineering, topographical
engineering, electrical engineering, etc. civil rightsFrank-law Frank"-law`, n. [Frank free + law.] (Eng. Law)
The liberty of being sworn in courts, as a juror or witness;
one of the ancient privileges of a freeman; free and common
law; -- an obsolete expression signifying substantially the
same as the American expression civil rights. --Abbot. Civil Service Commission
Civil Service Commission Civil Service Commission
In the United States, a commission appointed by the
President, consisting of three members, not more than two of
whom may be adherents of the same party, which has the
control, through examinations, of appointments and promotions
in the classified civil service. It was created by act of
Jan, 16, 1883 (22 Stat. 403).
Civil Service Reform
Civil Service Reform Civil Service Reform
The substitution of business principles and methods for
political methods in the conduct of the civil service. esp.
the merit system instead of the spoils system in making
appointments to office.
Civil warWar War, n. [OE. & AS. werre; akin to OHG. werra scandal,
quarrel, sedition, werran to confound, mix, D. warren, G.
wirren, verwirren, to embroil, confound, disturb, and perhaps
to E. worse; cf. OF. werre war, F. querre, of Teutonic
origin. Cf. Guerrilla, Warrior.]
1. A contest between nations or states, carried on by force,
whether for defence, for revenging insults and redressing
wrongs, for the extension of commerce, for the acquisition
of territory, for obtaining and establishing the
superiority and dominion of one over the other, or for any
other purpose; armed conflict of sovereign powers;
declared and open hostilities.
Men will ever distinguish war from mere bloodshed.
--F. W.
Robertson.
Note: As war is the contest of nations or states, it always
implies that such contest is authorized by the monarch
or the sovereign power of the nation. A war begun by
attacking another nation, is called an offensive war,
and such attack is aggressive. War undertaken to repel
invasion, or the attacks of an enemy, is called
defensive.
2. (Law) A condition of belligerency to be maintained by
physical force. In this sense, levying war against the
sovereign authority is treason.
3. Instruments of war. [Poetic]
His complement of stores, and total war. --Prior.
4. Forces; army. [Poetic]
On their embattled ranks the waves return, And
overwhelm their war. --Milton.
5. The profession of arms; the art of war.
Thou art but a youth, and he is a man of war from
his youth. --1 Sam. xvii.
33.
6. a state of opposition or contest; an act of opposition; an
inimical contest, act, or action; enmity; hostility.
``Raised impious war in heaven.' --Milton.
The words of his mouth were smoother than butter,
but war was in his heart. --Ps. lv. 21.
Civil war, a war between different sections or parties of
the same country or nation.
Holy war. See under Holy.
Man of war. (Naut.) See in the Vocabulary.
Public war, a war between independent sovereign states.
War cry, a cry or signal used in war; as, the Indian war
cry.
War dance, a dance among savages preliminary to going to
war. Among the North American Indians, it is begun by some
distinguished chief, and whoever joins in it thereby
enlists as one of the party engaged in a warlike
excursion. --Schoolcraft.
War field, a field of war or battle.
War horse, a horse used in war; the horse of a cavalry
soldier; especially, a strong, powerful, spirited horse
for military service; a charger.
War paint, paint put on the face and other parts of the
body by savages, as a token of going to war. ``Wash the
war paint from your faces.' --Longfellow.
War song, a song of or pertaining to war; especially, among
the American Indians, a song at the war dance, full of
incitements to military ardor.
War whoop, a war cry, especially that uttered by the
American Indians. CivilianCivilian Ci*vil"ian, n. [From Civil]
1. One skilled in the civil law.
Ancient civilians and writers upon government.
--Swift.
2. A student of the civil law at a university or college.
--R. Graves.
3. One whose pursuits are those of civil life, not military
or clerical. Civilist
Civilist Civ"il*ist, n.
A civilian. [R.] --Warbur?on.
Civilizable
Civilizable Civ"i*li`za*ble, a.
Capable of being civilized.
civilizationHallstatt Hall"statt, Hallstattian Hall*stat"ti*an, a.
Of or pert. to Hallstatt, Austria, or the Hallstatt
civilization.
Hallstatt, or Hallstattian, civilization, a prehistoric
civilization of central Europe, variously dated at from
1000 to 1500 b. c. and usually associated with the Celtic
or Alpine race. It was characterized by expert use of
bronze, a knowledge of iron, possession of domestic
animals, agriculture, and artistic skill and sentiment in
manufacturing pottery, ornaments, etc.
The Hallstattian civilization flourished chiefly in
Carinthia, southern Germany, Switzerland, Bohemia,
Silesia, Bosnia, the southeast of France, and
southern Italy. --J. Deniker.
H. epoch, the first iron age, represented by the Hallstatt
civilization. Civilization
Civilization Civ`i*li*za"tion, n. [Cf. F. civilisation.]
1. The act of civilizing, or the state of being civilized;
national culture; refinement.
Our manners, our civilization, and all the good
things connected with manners, and with
civilization, have, in this European world of ours,
depended for ages upon two principles -- . . . the
spirit of a gentleman, and spirit of religion.
--Burke
2. (Law) Rendering a criminal process civil. [Obs.]
CivilizeCivilize Civ"i*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Civilized; p. pr. &
vb. n. Civilizing.] [Cf. F. civilizer, fr.L. civilis civil.
See Civil.]
1. To reclaim from a savage state; to instruct in the rules
and customs of civilization; to educate; to refine.
Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose Her
land to civilize, as to subdue. --Dryden
2. To admit as suitable to a civilized state. [Obs. or R.]
``Civilizing adultery.' --Milton.
Syn: To polish; refine; humanize. CivilizedCivilize Civ"i*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Civilized; p. pr. &
vb. n. Civilizing.] [Cf. F. civilizer, fr.L. civilis civil.
See Civil.]
1. To reclaim from a savage state; to instruct in the rules
and customs of civilization; to educate; to refine.
Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose Her
land to civilize, as to subdue. --Dryden
2. To admit as suitable to a civilized state. [Obs. or R.]
``Civilizing adultery.' --Milton.
Syn: To polish; refine; humanize. Civilized
Civilized Civ"i*lized, a.
Reclaimed from savage life and manners; instructed in arts,
learning, and civil manners; refined; cultivated.
Sale of conscience and duty in open market is not
reconcilable with the present state of civilized
society. --J. Quincy.
Civilizer
Civilizer Civ"i*li*zer, n.
One who, or that which, civilizes or tends to civilize.
CivilizingCivilize Civ"i*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Civilized; p. pr. &
vb. n. Civilizing.] [Cf. F. civilizer, fr.L. civilis civil.
See Civil.]
1. To reclaim from a savage state; to instruct in the rules
and customs of civilization; to educate; to refine.
Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose Her
land to civilize, as to subdue. --Dryden
2. To admit as suitable to a civilized state. [Obs. or R.]
``Civilizing adultery.' --Milton.
Syn: To polish; refine; humanize. Civily
Civily Civ"i*ly, adv.
In a civil manner; as regards civil rights and privileges;
politely; courteously; in a well bred manner.
Code civilCode Code (k[=o]d), n. [F., fr. L. codex, caudex, the stock or
stem of a tree, a board or tablet of wood smeared over with
wax, on which the ancients originally wrote; hence, a book, a
writing.]
1. A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the
rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts are
set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by
public authority; a digest.
Note: The collection of laws made by the order of Justinian
is sometimes called, by way of eminence. ``The Code'
--Wharton.
2. Any system of rules or regulations relating to one
subject; as, the medical code, a system of rules for the
regulation of the professional conduct of physicians; the
naval code, a system of rules for making communications at
sea means of signals.
Code civil or Code Napoleon, a code enacted in France in
1803 and 1804, embodying the law of rights of persons and
of property generally. --Abbot. Incivil
Incivil In*civ"il, a. [L. incivilis; pref. in- not + civilis
civil: cf. F. incivil.]
Uncivil; rude. [Obs.] --Shak.
Incivilization
Incivilization In*civ`i*li*za"tion, n. [Pref. in- not +
civilization.]
The state of being uncivilized; want of civilization;
barbarism.
Incivilly
Incivilly In*civ"il*ly, adv.
Uncivilly. [Obs.] --Shak.
Uncivil
Uncivil Un*civ"il, a.
1. Not civilized; savage; barbarous; uncivilized.
Men can not enjoy the rights of an uncivil and of a
civil state together. --Burke.
2. Not civil; not complaisant; discourteous; impolite; rude;
unpolished; as, uncivil behavior.
Uncivility
Uncivility Un`ci*vil"i*ty, n.
Incivility. [Obs.]
Uncivilization
Uncivilization Un*civ`i*li*za"tion, n.
The state of being uncivilized; savagery or barbarism. [R.]
Uncivilized
Uncivilized Un*civ"i*lized, a.
1. Not civilized; not reclaimed from savage life; rude;
barbarous; savage; as, the uncivilized inhabitants of
Central Africa.
2. Not civil; coarse; clownish. [R.] --Addison.
Uncivilty
Uncivilty Un*civ"il*ty, adv.
In an uncivil manner.
Meaning of Civil from wikipedia
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