- both
grunts and squeaks. Like
other callichthyines,
Hoplosternum species build bubble nests.
Among callichthyines, H.
littorale has the most
complex nest...
- of the subfamily. In a 2004 study,
different relationships among the
callichthyines were found:
Dianema and
Hoplosternum form the most
basal clade, and...
- (Nandidae), and
Hepsetus odoe (the only
member of Hepsetidae) in Africa, and
callichthyines and the
electric eel in
South America. Most, if not all, fish that construct...
- and
occurs in the warm and
rainy season. As a
callichthyine, it
builds a
bubble nest;
among callichthyines, this
species is
reported to have the most complex...
-
flowing and well oxygenated.
Lepthoplosternum species are the
smallest callichthyines (maximum
standard length 60.3 mm) and are
easily recognized by two synapomorphies:...
- of the subfamily. In a 2004 study,
different relationships among the
callichthyines were found:
Dianema and
Hoplosternum form the most
basal clade, and...
