- 16th century,
claims about birkarls coming from
Great Pirkkala (a
parish in
Upper Sata****a) emerged,
propagated by
birkarls themselves in
their battle...
- disputed, the
Birkarls were
ancestors of
modern Tornedalians as can be
proved via tax and
church records available from 1539 and onwards. The
birkarls were slowly...
-
chosen from the
signing in 1328 of a
state treaty between Sweden and the
Birkarls,
known as Tälje
Charter ("Tälje stadga" in Swedish). In that treaty, the...
- pay
taxes to all
surrounding powers at the same time,
including to the
Birkarls from
Swedish Finland. For
Latin and
Russian texts of the treaty, see S...
-
taxes on the
freed serfs.
State serfs were eman****ted in 1866.
Alipin Birkarls Colonus –
early medieval serfs Coolie Cottar Encomienda –
Spanish serfdom...
-
Public Library Old
Church of
Pirkkala Naistenmatka district along Suupantie Birkarls "Muni****l
administration - The Mayor". Pirkkala.fi.
Retrieved 25 December...
- Matias; Swedish:
Matts Kurck) was a
legendary Finnish chieftain of the
birkarls. If he was a real person, he is
thought to have
lived in the late 13th...
- "lappmarks"
whose Sami
people were
loosely governed either by the
crown or
birkarls. The
purpose of
lappmarks was
largely colonial in nature. Originally, each...
-
record written in
Swedish –
mention the
Birkarls (bircharlaboa).
Based on the
information revealed, the
Birkarls then
inhabited areas, e.g., in Northern...
-
eastern half of Sweden,
Finland – the most
important of
which were
known as
Birkarls ~
controlled the
trade and even the
taxing on the area long into the 16th...
