- ichidan),
Lower monograde (下一段,
shimo ichidan),
Upper bigrade (上二段, kami nidan),
Lower bigrade (下二段,
shimo nidan).
There were also 4 "irregular" (変格)...
- (lower
bigrade or e-
bigrade) The
largest regular vowel-base
class ended in e2 and
included approximately 20% of verbs. Kami
nidan (upper
bigrade or i-bigrade)...
- and 来る (kuru, to come).
classical ****anese had more verb groups, such as
bigrade verbs (二段動詞, nidan-dōshi) and
quadrigrade verbs (四段動詞, yodan-dōshi), which...
- attributive,
which has a
number of effects: It was
instrumental in
changing from
bigrade to
monograde verbs. It
caused a
chain of
events in the two
adjectival classes...
-
quadrigrade and
lower bigrade classes are the primary,
containing about 75% and 20% of the
verbs in the language, respectively. The
upper bigrade class is small...
-
graded sheaves of
modules over a
sheaf of rings), i.e.
every sheet is a
bigraded R-module E r = ⨁ p , q ∈ Z 2 E r p , q . {\textstyle E_{r}=\bigoplus _{p...
- "lower
bigrade"
ending -(y)uru,
which corresponds to
standard ****anese -eru, is
still preserved in the dialect. However, kami
nidan or "upper
bigrade" verbs...
- 下二段活用 (shimo
nidan katsuyō,
lower bigrade conjugation pattern) of the
classical ****anese of the time. The
lower bigrade conjugation pattern evolved into...
-
obsolete in most ****anese dialects, such as: Has
irregularly changed from a
bigrade (二段, nidan) verb to a
class 1.1B verb, most
likely via the Old ****anese...
- r-irregular and n-irregular
regularized as quadrigrade, and the
upper and
lower bigrade classes merged with
their respective monograde. That left the quadrigrade...
