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Definition of Analysi
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Analysis Analysis A*nal"y*sis, n.; pl. Analyses. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to
unloose, to dissolve, to resolve into its elements; ? up + ?
to loose. See Loose.]
1. A resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses
or of the intellect, into its constituent or original
elements; an examination of the component parts of a
subject, each separately, as the words which compose a
sentence, the tones of a tune, or the simple propositions
which enter into an argument. It is opposed to
synthesis.
2. (Chem.) The separation of a compound substance, by
chemical processes, into its constituents, with a view to
ascertain either (a) what elements it contains, or (b) how
much of each element is present. The former is called
qualitative, and the latter quantitative analysis.
3. (Logic) The tracing of things to their source, and the
resolving of knowledge into its original principles.
4. (Math.) The resolving of problems by reducing the
conditions that are in them to equations.
5.
(a) A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a
discourse, disposed in their natural order.
(b) A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of
a science. In this sense it is nearly synonymous with
synopsis.
6. (Nat. Hist.) The process of ascertaining the name of a
species, or its place in a system of classification, by
means of an analytical table or key.
Ultimate, Proximate, Qualitative, Quantitative, and
Volumetric analysis. (Chem.) See under Ultimate,
Proximate, Qualitative, etc.
Blowpipe analysis Blowpipe Blow"pipe`, n.
1. A tube for directing a jet of air into a fire or into the
flame of a lamp or candle, so as to concentrate the heat
on some object.
Note: It is called a mouth blowpipe when used with the mouth;
but for both chemical and industrial purposes, it is
often worked by a bellows or other contrivance. The
common mouth blowpipe is a tapering tube with a very
small orifice at the end to be inserted in the flame.
The oxyhydrogen blowpipe, invented by Dr. Hare in
1801, is an instrument in which oxygen and hydrogen,
taken from separate reservoirs, in the proportions of
two volumes of hydrogen to one of oxygen, are burned in
a jet, under pressure. It gives a heat that will
consume the diamond, fuse platinum, and dissipate in
vapor, or in gaseous forms, most known substances.
2. A blowgun; a blowtube.
Blowpipe analysis (Chem.), analysis by means of the
blowpipe.
Blowpipe reaction (Chem.), the characteristic behavior of a
substance subjected to a test by means of the blowpipe.
Diophantine analysis Diophantine Di`o*phan"tine, a.
Originated or taught by Diophantus, the Greek writer on
algebra.
Diophantine analysis (Alg.), that branch of indeterminate
analysis which has for its object the discovery of
rational values that satisfy given equations containing
squares or cubes; as, for example, to find values of x and
y which make x^2 + y^2 an exact square.
Gravimetric analysis Gravimetric Grav"i*met"ric, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by
weight. -- Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly, adv.
Gravimetric analysis (Chem.), analysis in which the amounts
of the constituents are determined by weight; -- in
distinction from volumetric analysis.
Indeterminate analysis Indeterminate In`de*ter"mi*nate, a. [L. indeterminatus.]
Not determinate; not certain or fixed; indefinite; not
precise; as, an indeterminate number of years. --Paley.
Indeterminate analysis (Math.), that branch of analysis
which has for its object the solution of indeterminate
problems.
Indeterminate coefficients (Math.), coefficients
arbitrarily assumed for convenience of calculation, or to
facilitate some artifice of analysis. Their values are
subsequently determined.
Indeterminate equation (Math.), an equation in which the
unknown quantities admit of an infinite number of values,
or sets of values. A group of equations is indeterminate
when it contains more unknown quantities than there are
equations.
Indeterminate inflorescence (Bot.), a mode of inflorescence
in which the flowers all arise from axillary buds, the
terminal bud going on to grow and sometimes continuing the
stem indefinitely; -- called also acropetal, botryose,
centripetal, & indefinite inflorescence. --Gray.
Indeterminate problem (Math.), a problem which admits of an
infinite number of solutions, or one in which there are
fewer imposed conditions than there are unknown or
required results.
Indeterminate quantity (Math.), a quantity which has no
fixed value, but which may be varied in accordance with
any proposed condition.
Indeterminate series (Math.), a series whose terms proceed
by the powers of an indeterminate quantity, sometimes also
with indeterminate exponents, or indeterminate
coefficients. -- In`de*ter"mi*nate*ly adv. --
In`de*ter"mi*nate*ness, n.
Microanalysis Microanalysis Mi`cro*a*nal"y*sis, n. [Micro- + analysis.]
Analysis of the structure of materials from careful
observation of photomicrographs.
Organic analysis Organic Or*gan"ic, a. [L. organicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. organique.]
1. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an organ or its functions, or
to objects composed of organs; consisting of organs, or
containing them; as, the organic structure of animals and
plants; exhibiting characters peculiar to living
organisms; as, organic bodies, organic life, organic
remains. Cf. Inorganic.
2. Produced by the organs; as, organic pleasure. [R.]
3. Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or of art to
a certain destined function or end. [R.]
Those organic arts which enable men to discourse and
write perspicuously. --Milton.
4. Forming a whole composed of organs. Hence: Of or
pertaining to a system of organs; inherent in, or
resulting from, a certain organization; as, an organic
government; his love of truth was not inculcated, but
organic.
5. Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of the large series of
substances which, in nature or origin, are connected with
vital processes, and include many substances of artificial
production which may or may not occur in animals or
plants; -- contrasted with inorganic.
Note: The principles of organic and inorganic chemistry are
identical; but the enormous number and the completeness
of related series of organic compounds, together with
their remarkable facility of exchange and substitution,
offer an illustration of chemical reaction and homology
not to be paralleled in inorganic chemistry.
Organic analysis (Chem.), the analysis of organic
compounds, concerned chiefly with the determination of
carbon as carbon dioxide, hydrogen as water, oxygen as the
difference between the sum of the others and 100 per cent,
and nitrogen as free nitrogen, ammonia, or nitric oxide;
-- formerly called ultimate analysis, in distinction from
proximate analysis.
Organic chemistry. See under Chemistry.
Organic compounds. (Chem.) See Carbon compounds, under
Carbon.
Organic description of a curve (Geom.), the description of
a curve on a plane by means of instruments. --Brande & C.
Organic disease (Med.), a disease attended with morbid
changes in the structure of the organs of the body or in
the composition of its fluids; -- opposed to functional
disease.
Organic electricity. See under Electricity.
Organiclaw or laws, a law or system of laws, or
declaration of principles fundamental to the existence and
organization of a political or other association; a
constitution.
Organic stricture (Med.), a contraction of one of the
natural passages of the body produced by structural
changes in its walls, as distinguished from a spasmodic
stricture, which is due to muscular contraction.
Proximate analysis Proximate Prox"i*mate, a. [L. proximatus, p. p. of proximare
to come near, to approach, fr. proximus the nearest, nest,
superl. of propior nearer, and prope, adv., near.]
Nearest; next immediately preceding or following. ``Proximate
ancestors.' --J. S. Harford.
The proximate natural causes of it [the deluge]. --T.
Burnet.
Proximate analysis (Chem.), an analysis which determines
the proximate principles of any substance, as contrasted
with an ultimate analysis.
Proximate cause.
(a) A cause which immediately precedes and produces the
effect, as distinguished from the remote, mediate, or
predisposing cause. --I. Watts.
(b) That which in ordinary natural sequence produces a
specific result, no independent disturbing agencies
intervening.
Proximate principle (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of
bodies existing ready formed in animal and vegetable
tissues, and separable by chemical analysis, as albumin,
sugar, collagen, fat, etc.
Syn: Nearest; next; closest; immediate; direct.
Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis Psy`cho*a*nal"y*sis, n. -- Psychoanalytic
Psy`cho*an`a*lyt"ic, a. etc.
= Psychanalysis, Psychanalytic.
Qualitative analysis Qualitative Qual"i*ta*tive, a. [Cf. LL. gualitativus, F.
qualitatif.]
Relating to quality; having the character of quality. --
Qual"i*ta*tive*ly, adv.
Qualitative analysis (Chem.), analysis which merely
determines the constituents of a substance without any
regard to the quantity of each ingredient; -- contrasted
with quantitative analysis.
Quantitative analysis Quantitative Quan"ti*ta*tive, a. [Cf. F. quantitatif.]
Relating to quantity. -- Quan"ti*ta*tive*ly, adv.
Quantitative analysis (Chem.), analysis which determines
the amount or quantity of each ingredient of a substance,
by weight or by volume; -- contrasted with qualitative
analysis.
quantitative analysis Analysis A*nal"y*sis, n.; pl. Analyses. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to
unloose, to dissolve, to resolve into its elements; ? up + ?
to loose. See Loose.]
1. A resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses
or of the intellect, into its constituent or original
elements; an examination of the component parts of a
subject, each separately, as the words which compose a
sentence, the tones of a tune, or the simple propositions
which enter into an argument. It is opposed to
synthesis.
2. (Chem.) The separation of a compound substance, by
chemical processes, into its constituents, with a view to
ascertain either (a) what elements it contains, or (b) how
much of each element is present. The former is called
qualitative, and the latter quantitative analysis.
3. (Logic) The tracing of things to their source, and the
resolving of knowledge into its original principles.
4. (Math.) The resolving of problems by reducing the
conditions that are in them to equations.
5.
(a) A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a
discourse, disposed in their natural order.
(b) A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of
a science. In this sense it is nearly synonymous with
synopsis.
6. (Nat. Hist.) The process of ascertaining the name of a
species, or its place in a system of classification, by
means of an analytical table or key.
Ultimate, Proximate, Qualitative, Quantitative, and
Volumetric analysis. (Chem.) See under Ultimate,
Proximate, Qualitative, etc.
Spectrum analysis Spectrum Spec"trum, n.; pl. Spectra. [L. See Specter.]
1. An apparition; a specter. [Obs.]
2. (Opt.)
(a) The several colored and other rays of which light is
composed, separated by the refraction of a prism or
other means, and observed or studied either as spread
out on a screen, by direct vision, by photography, or
otherwise. See Illust. of Light, and Spectroscope.
(b) A luminous appearance, or an image seen after the eye
has been exposed to an intense light or a strongly
illuminated object. When the object is colored, the
image appears of the complementary color, as a green
image seen after viewing a red wafer lying on white
paper. Called also ocular spectrum.
Absorption spectrum, the spectrum of light which has passed
through a medium capable of absorbing a portion of the
rays. It is characterized by dark spaces, bands, or lines.
Chemical spectrum, a spectrum of rays considered solely
with reference to their chemical effects, as in
photography. These, in the usual photogrophic methods,
have their maximum influence at and beyond the violet
rays, but are not limited to this region.
Chromatic spectrum, the visible colored rays of the solar
spectrum, exhibiting the seven principal colors in their
order, and covering the central and larger portion of the
space of the whole spectrum.
Continous spectrum, a spectrum not broken by bands or
lines, but having the colors shaded into each other
continously, as that from an incandescent solid or liquid,
or a gas under high pressure.
Diffraction spectrum, a spectrum produced by diffraction,
as by a grating.
Gaseous spectrum, the spectrum of an incandesoent gas or
vapor, under moderate, or especially under very low,
pressure. It is characterized by bright bands or lines.
Normal spectrum, a representation of a spectrum arranged
upon conventional plan adopted as standard, especially a
spectrum in which the colors are spaced proportionally to
their wave lengths, as when formed by a diffraction
grating.
Ocular spectrum. See Spectrum, 2
(b), above.
Prismatic spectrum, a spectrum produced by means of a
prism.
Solar spectrum, the spectrum of solar light, especially as
thrown upon a screen in a darkened room. It is
characterized by numerous dark lines called Fraunhofer
lines.
Spectrum analysis, chemical analysis effected by comparison
of the different relative positions and qualities of the
fixed lines of spectra produced by flames in which
different substances are burned or evaporated, each
substance having its own characteristic system of lines.
Thermal spectrum, a spectrum of rays considered solely with
reference to their heating effect, especially of those
rays which produce no luminous phenomena.
Ultimate analysis Ultimate Ul"ti*mate, a. [LL. ultimatus last, extreme, fr. L.
ultimare to come to an end, fr. ultimus the farthest, last,
superl. from the same source as ulterior. See Ulterior, and
cf. Ultimatum.]
1. Farthest; most remote in space or time; extreme; last;
final.
My harbor, and my ultimate repose. --Milton.
Many actions apt to procure fame are not conductive
to this our ultimate happiness. --Addison.
2. Last in a train of progression or consequences; tended
toward by all that precedes; arrived at, as the last
result; final.
Those ultimate truths and those universal laws of
thought which we can not rationally contradict.
--Coleridge.
3. Incapable of further analysis; incapable of further
division or separation; constituent; elemental; as, an
ultimate constituent of matter.
Ultimate analysis (Chem.), organic analysis. See under
Organic.
Ultimate belief. See under Belief.
Ultimate ratio (Math.), the limiting value of a ratio, or
that toward which a series tends, and which it does not
pass.
Syn: Final; conclusive. See Final.
Volumetric analysis Volumetric Vol`u*met"ric, a. [Volume + -metric.]
Of or pertaining to the measurement of volume.
Volumetric analysis (Chem.), that system of the
quantitative analysis of solutions which employs definite
volumes of standardized solutions of reagents, as measured
by burettes, pipettes, etc.; also, the analysis of gases
by volume, as by the eudiometer.
Volumetric analysis Analysis A*nal"y*sis, n.; pl. Analyses. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to
unloose, to dissolve, to resolve into its elements; ? up + ?
to loose. See Loose.]
1. A resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses
or of the intellect, into its constituent or original
elements; an examination of the component parts of a
subject, each separately, as the words which compose a
sentence, the tones of a tune, or the simple propositions
which enter into an argument. It is opposed to
synthesis.
2. (Chem.) The separation of a compound substance, by
chemical processes, into its constituents, with a view to
ascertain either (a) what elements it contains, or (b) how
much of each element is present. The former is called
qualitative, and the latter quantitative analysis.
3. (Logic) The tracing of things to their source, and the
resolving of knowledge into its original principles.
4. (Math.) The resolving of problems by reducing the
conditions that are in them to equations.
5.
(a) A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a
discourse, disposed in their natural order.
(b) A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of
a science. In this sense it is nearly synonymous with
synopsis.
6. (Nat. Hist.) The process of ascertaining the name of a
species, or its place in a system of classification, by
means of an analytical table or key.
Ultimate, Proximate, Qualitative, Quantitative, and
Volumetric analysis. (Chem.) See under Ultimate,
Proximate, Qualitative, etc.
