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AlabastraAlabastrum Al`a*bas"trum, n.; pl. Alabastra. [NL.] (Bot.)
A flower bud. --Gray. ArthrogastraArachnida A*rach"ni*da, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? spider.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the classes of Arthropoda. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Note: They have four pairs of legs, no antenn[ae] nor wings,
a pair of mandibles, and one pair of maxill[ae] or
palpi. The head is usually consolidated with the
thorax. The respiration is either by tranche[ae] or by
pulmonary sacs, or by both. The class includes three
principal orders: Araneina, or spiders;
Arthrogastra, including scorpions, etc.; and
Acarina, or mites and ticks. AstrachanAstrachan As`tra*chan", a. & n.
See Astrakhan. Astraddle
Astraddle A*strad"dle, adv. [Pref. a- + straddle.]
In a straddling position; astride; bestriding; as, to sit
astraddle a horse.
Astragal
Astragal As"tra*gal, n. [L. astragalus, Gr. ? the ankle bone,
a molding in the capital of the Ionic column.]
1. (Arch.) A convex molding of rounded surface, generally
from half to three quarters of a circle.
2. (Gun.) A round molding encircling a cannon near the mouth.
Astragalar
Astragalar As*trag"a*lar, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the astragalus.
Astragaloid
Astragaloid As*trag"a*loid, a. [Astragalus + -oid.] (Anat.)
Resembling the astragalus in form.
Astragalomancy
Astragalomancy As*trag"a*lo*man`cy, n. [Gr. ? ankle bone, die
+ -mancy.]
Divination by means of small bones or dice.
AstragalusAstragalus As*trag"a*lus, n. [L. See Astragal.]
1. (Anat.) The ankle bone, or hock bone; the bone of the
tarsus which articulates with the tibia at the ankle.
2. (Bot.) A genus of papilionaceous plants, of the tribe
Galege[ae], containing numerous species, two of which
are called, in English, milk vetch and licorice vetch.
Gum tragacanth is obtained from different oriental
species, particularly the A. gummifer and A. verus.
3. (Arch.) See Astragal, 1. Astragalus glycyphyllosMilk vetch Milk" vetch` (Bot.)
A leguminous herb (Astragalus glycyphyllos) of Europe and
Asia, supposed to increase the secretion of milk in goats.
Note: The name is sometimes taken for the whole genus
Astragalus, of which there are about two hundred
species in North America, and even more elsewhere. Astragalus gummiferTragacanth Trag"a*canth, n. [L. tragacanthum tragacanth,
tragacantha the plant producing tragacanth, Gr. ? ? a he-goat
+ ? a thorn: cf. F. tragacanthe.]
A kind of gum procured from a spiny leguminous shrub
(Astragalus gummifer) of Western Asia, and other species of
Astragalus. It comes in hard whitish or yellowish flakes or
filaments, and is nearly insoluble in water, but slowly
swells into a mucilaginous mass, which is used as a
substitute for gum arabic in medicine and the arts. Called
also gum tragacanth. Astragalus HorniiLoco Lo"co, n. [Sp. loco insane.] (Bot.)
A plant (Astragalus Hornii) growing in the Southwestern
United States, which is said to poison horses and cattle,
first making them insane. The name is also given vaguely to
several other species of the same genus. Called also loco
weed. Astrakhan
Astrakhan As`tra*khan", a.
Of or pertaining to Astrakhan in Russia or its products; made
of an Astrakhan skin. -- n. The skin of stillborn or young
lambs of that region, the curled wool of which resembles fur.
Astral
Astral As"tral, a.
1. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an aster; as, astral rays;
astral sphere.
2. (Theosophy) Consisting of, belonging to, or designating, a
kind of supersensible substance alleged to be next above
the tangible world in refinement; as, astral spirits;
astral bodies of persons; astral current.
AstralAstral As"tral, a. [L. astralis, fr. astrum star, Gr. ?: cf.
F. astral. See Star.]
Pertaining to, coming from, or resembling, the stars; starry;
starlike.
Shines only with an astral luster. --I. Taylor.
Some astral forms I must invoke by prayer. --Dryden.
Astral lamp, an Argand lamp so constructed that no shadow
is cast upon the table by the flattened ring-shaped
reservoir in which the oil is contained.
Astral spirits, spirits formerly supposed to live in the
heavenly bodies or the a["e]rial regions, and represented
in the Middle Ages as fallen angels, spirits of the dead,
or spirits originating in fire. Astral lampAstral As"tral, a. [L. astralis, fr. astrum star, Gr. ?: cf.
F. astral. See Star.]
Pertaining to, coming from, or resembling, the stars; starry;
starlike.
Shines only with an astral luster. --I. Taylor.
Some astral forms I must invoke by prayer. --Dryden.
Astral lamp, an Argand lamp so constructed that no shadow
is cast upon the table by the flattened ring-shaped
reservoir in which the oil is contained.
Astral spirits, spirits formerly supposed to live in the
heavenly bodies or the a["e]rial regions, and represented
in the Middle Ages as fallen angels, spirits of the dead,
or spirits originating in fire. Astral spiritsSpirit Spir"it, n. [OF. espirit, esperit, F. esprit, L.
spiritus, from spirare to breathe, to blow. Cf. Conspire,
Expire, Esprit, Sprite.]
1. Air set in motion by breathing; breath; hence, sometimes,
life itself. [Obs.] ``All of spirit would deprive.'
--Spenser.
The mild air, with season moderate, Gently
attempered, and disposed eo well, That still it
breathed foorth sweet spirit. --Spenser.
2. A rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter h; also, a
mark to denote aspiration; a breathing. [Obs.]
Be it a letter or spirit, we have great use for it.
--B. Jonson.
3. Life, or living substance, considered independently of
corporeal existence; an intelligence conceived of apart
from any physical organization or embodiment; vital
essence, force, or energy, as distinct from matter.
4. The intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of man; the
soul, in distinction from the body in which it resides;
the agent or subject of vital and spiritual functions,
whether spiritual or material.
There is a spirit in man; and the inspiration of the
Almighty giveth them understanding. --Job xxxii.
8.
As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith
without works is dead also. --James ii.
26.
Spirit is a substance wherein thinking, knowing,
doubting, and a power of moving, do subsist.
--Locke.
5. Specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul after it
has left the body.
Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was,
and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.
--Eccl. xii.
7.
Ye gentle spirits far away, With whom we shared the
cup of grace. --Keble.
6. Any supernatural being, good or bad; an apparition; a
specter; a ghost; also, sometimes, a sprite,; a fairy; an
elf.
Whilst young, preserve his tender mind from all
impressions of spirits and goblins in the dark.
--Locke.
7. Energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage, etc.
``Write it then, quickly,' replied Bede; and
summoning all his spirits together, like the last
blaze of a candle going out, he indited it, and
expired. --Fuller.
8. One who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces great
activity or peculiar characteristics of mind or temper;
as, a ruling spirit; a schismatic spirit.
Such spirits as he desired to please, such would I
choose for my judges. --Dryden.
9. Temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or
disposition; intellectual or moral state; -- often in the
plural; as, to be cheerful, or in good spirits; to be
downhearted, or in bad spirits.
God has . . . made a spirit of building succeed a
spirit of pulling down. --South.
A perfect judge will read each work of wit With the
same spirit that its author writ. --Pope.
10. Intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the letter, or to
formal statement; also, characteristic quality,
especially such as is derived from the individual genius
or the personal character; as, the spirit of an
enterprise, of a document, or the like.
11. Tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance, possessed
of active qualities.
All bodies have spirits . . . within them. --Bacon.
12. Any liquid produced by distillation; especially, alcohol,
the spirits, or spirit, of wine (it having been first
distilled from wine): -- often in the plural.
13. pl. Rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and other distilled liquors
having much alcohol, in distinction from wine and malt
liquors.
14. (Med.) A solution in alcohol of a volatile principle. Cf.
Tincture. --U. S. Disp.
15. (Alchemy) Any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal
ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some,
orpiment).
The four spirits and the bodies seven. --Chaucer.
16. (Dyeing) Stannic chloride. See under Stannic.
Note: Spirit is sometimes joined with other words, forming
compounds, generally of obvious signification; as,
spirit-moving, spirit-searching, spirit-stirring, etc.
Astral spirits, Familiar spirits, etc. See under
Astral, Familiar, etc.
Animal spirits.
(a) (Physiol.) The fluid which at one time was supposed
to circulate through the nerves and was regarded as
the agent of sensation and motion; -- called also the
nervous fluid, or nervous principle.
(b) Physical health and energy; frolicsomeness;
sportiveness.
Ardent spirits, strong alcoholic liquors, as brandy, rum,
whisky, etc., obtained by distillation.
Holy Spirit, or The Spirit (Theol.), the Spirit of God,
or the third person of the Trinity; the Holy Ghost. The
spirit also signifies the human spirit as influenced or
animated by the Divine Spirit.
Proof spirit. (Chem.) See under Proof.
Rectified spirit (Chem.), spirit rendered purer or more
concentrated by redistillation, so as to increase the
percentage of absolute alcohol.
Spirit butterfly (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
delicate butterflies of tropical America belonging to the
genus Ithomia. The wings are gauzy and nearly destitute
of scales.
Spirit duck. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The buffle-headed duck.
(b) The golden-eye.
Spirit lamp (Art), a lamp in which alcohol or methylated
spirit is burned.
Spirit level. See under Level.
Spirit of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) See under Hartshorn.
Spirit of Mindererus (Med.), an aqueous solution of acetate
of ammonium; -- named after R. Minderer, physician of
Augsburg.
Spirit of nitrous ether (Med. Chem.), a pale yellow liquid,
of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor. It is
obtained by the distillation of alcohol with nitric and
sulphuric acids, and consists essentially of ethyl nitrite
with a little acetic aldehyde. It is used as a
diaphoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic, etc. Called also
sweet spirit of niter.
Spirit of salt (Chem.), hydrochloric acid; -- so called
because obtained from salt and sulphuric acid. [Obs.]
Spirit of sense, the utmost refinement of sensation. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Spirits, or Spirit, of turpentine (Chem.), rectified
oil of turpentine, a transparent, colorless, volatile, and
very inflammable liquid, distilled from the turpentine of
the various species of pine; camphine. See Camphine.
Spirit of vitriol (Chem.), sulphuric acid; -- so called
because formerly obtained by the distillation of green
vitriol. [Obs.]
Spirit of vitriolic ether (Chem.) ether; -- often but
incorrectly called sulphuric ether. See Ether. [Obs.]
Spirits, or Spirit, of wine (Chem.), alcohol; -- so
called because formerly obtained by the distillation of
wine.
Spirit rapper, one who practices spirit rapping; a
``medium' so called.
Spirit rapping, an alleged form of communication with the
spirits of the dead by raps. See Spiritualism, 3.
Sweet spirit of niter. See Spirit of nitrous ether,
above. Astral spiritsAstral As"tral, a. [L. astralis, fr. astrum star, Gr. ?: cf.
F. astral. See Star.]
Pertaining to, coming from, or resembling, the stars; starry;
starlike.
Shines only with an astral luster. --I. Taylor.
Some astral forms I must invoke by prayer. --Dryden.
Astral lamp, an Argand lamp so constructed that no shadow
is cast upon the table by the flattened ring-shaped
reservoir in which the oil is contained.
Astral spirits, spirits formerly supposed to live in the
heavenly bodies or the a["e]rial regions, and represented
in the Middle Ages as fallen angels, spirits of the dead,
or spirits originating in fire. Astrand
Astrand A*strand", adv. & a. [Pref. a- + strand.]
Stranded. --Sir W. Scott.
AstrayAstray A*stray", adv. & a. [See Estray, Stray.]
Out of the right, either in a literal or in a figurative
sense; wandering; as, to lead one astray.
Ye were as sheep going astray. --1 Pet. ii.
25. Breastrail
Breastrail Breast"rail` (-r[=a]l`), n.
The upper rail of any parapet of ordinary height, as of a
balcony; the railing of a quarter-deck, etc.
CadastralCadastral Ca*das"tral, a. [F.]
Of or pertaining to landed property.
Cadastral survey, or Cadastral map, a survey, map, or
plan on a large scale (Usually 1/2500 of the linear
measure of the ground, or twenty-five inches to the mile
or about an inch to the acre) so as to represent the
relative positions and dimensions of objects and estates
exactly; -- distinguished from a topographical map, which
exaggerates the dimensions of houses and the breadth of
roads and streams, for the sake of distinctness. --Brande
& C. Cadastral mapCadastral Ca*das"tral, a. [F.]
Of or pertaining to landed property.
Cadastral survey, or Cadastral map, a survey, map, or
plan on a large scale (Usually 1/2500 of the linear
measure of the ground, or twenty-five inches to the mile
or about an inch to the acre) so as to represent the
relative positions and dimensions of objects and estates
exactly; -- distinguished from a topographical map, which
exaggerates the dimensions of houses and the breadth of
roads and streams, for the sake of distinctness. --Brande
& C. Cadastral surveyCadastral Ca*das"tral, a. [F.]
Of or pertaining to landed property.
Cadastral survey, or Cadastral map, a survey, map, or
plan on a large scale (Usually 1/2500 of the linear
measure of the ground, or twenty-five inches to the mile
or about an inch to the acre) so as to represent the
relative positions and dimensions of objects and estates
exactly; -- distinguished from a topographical map, which
exaggerates the dimensions of houses and the breadth of
roads and streams, for the sake of distinctness. --Brande
& C. CastrateCastrate Cas"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Castrated; p. pr. &
vb. n. Castrating.] [L. castrarus, p; p. of castrare to
castrate, asin to Skr. [,c]astra knife.]
1. To deprive of the testicles; to emasculate; to geld; to
alter.
2. To cut or take out; esp. to remove anything erroneous, or
objectionable from, as the obscene parts of a writing; to
expurgate.
My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the
following letter, which I have castrated in some
places. --Spectator. CastratedCastrate Cas"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Castrated; p. pr. &
vb. n. Castrating.] [L. castrarus, p; p. of castrare to
castrate, asin to Skr. [,c]astra knife.]
1. To deprive of the testicles; to emasculate; to geld; to
alter.
2. To cut or take out; esp. to remove anything erroneous, or
objectionable from, as the obscene parts of a writing; to
expurgate.
My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the
following letter, which I have castrated in some
places. --Spectator. CastratingCastrate Cas"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Castrated; p. pr. &
vb. n. Castrating.] [L. castrarus, p; p. of castrare to
castrate, asin to Skr. [,c]astra knife.]
1. To deprive of the testicles; to emasculate; to geld; to
alter.
2. To cut or take out; esp. to remove anything erroneous, or
objectionable from, as the obscene parts of a writing; to
expurgate.
My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the
following letter, which I have castrated in some
places. --Spectator. Castration
Castration Cas*tra"tion, n. [L. castratio; cf. F. castration.]
The act of castrating.
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