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Acid processAcid process Ac"id proc"ess (Iron Metal.)
That variety of either the Bessemer or the open-hearth
process in which the converter or hearth is lined with acid,
that is, highly siliceous, material. Opposed to basic
process. Barrel process
Barrel process Bar"rel proc"ess (Metal.)
A process of extracting gold or silver by treating the ore in
a revolving barrel, or drum, with mercury, chlorine, cyanide
solution, or other reagent.
Basic processBasic process Ba"sic proc"ess (Iron Metal.)
A Bessemer or open-hearth steel-making process in which a
lining that is basic, or not siliceous, is used, and
additions of basic material are made to the molten charge
during treatment. Opposed to acid process, above. Called
also Thomas process. Bell process
Bell process Bell process (Iron Metal.)
The process of washing molten pig iron by adding iron oxide,
proposed by I. Lowthian Bell of England about 1875.
Bell-Krupp processKrupp process Krupp process (Iron Metal.)
(a) A process practiced by Friedrich Krupp, Essen, Germany,
for washing pig iron, differing from the Bell process in
using manganese as well as iron oxide, and performed in a
Pernot furnace. Called also the Bell-Krupp process.
(b) A process for the manufacture of steel armor plates,
invented or practiced by Krupp, the details of which are
secret. It is understood to involve the addition of
chromium as well as nickel to the metal, and to include a
treatment like that of the Harvey process with unknown
variations or additions. The product is mentioned by some
authors, as improved Harvey, or Harvey-Krupp armor plate. Bitumen process
Bitumen process Bi*tu"men proc"ess (Photog.)
Any process in which advantage is taken of the fact that
prepared bitumen is rendered insoluble by exposure to light,
as in photolithography.
Bower-Barff processBower-Barff process Bow"er-Barff" proc`ess . (Metal.)
A certain process for producing upon articles of iron or
steel an adherent coating of the magnetic oxide of iron
(which is not liable to corrosion by air, moisture, or
ordinary acids). This is accomplished by producing, by
oxidation at about 1600[deg] F. in a closed space, a coating
containing more or less of the ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and the
subsequent change of this in a reduced atmosphere to the
magnetic oxide (Fe2O4). C proceraMudar Mu"dar, n. [Hind. mad[=a]r.] (Bot.)
Either one of two asclepiadaceous shrubs (Calotropis
gigantea, and C. procera), which furnish a strong and
valuable fiber. The acrid milky juice is used medicinally. C processioneaProcessionary Pro*ces"sion*a*ry, a. [Cf. LL. processionarius,
F. processionnaire.]
Pertaining to a procession; consisting in processions; as,
processionary service.
Processionary moth (Zo["o]l.), any moth of the genus
Cnethocampa, especially C. processionea of Europe,
whose larv[ae] make large webs on oak trees, and go out to
feed in regular order. They are covered with stinging
hairs. Canis procyonoidesTanate Ta*na"te, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An Asiatic wild dog (Canis procyonoides), native of Japan
and adjacent countries. It has a short, bushy tail. Called
also raccoon dog. Carbon processCarbon process Car"bon process (Photog.)
A printing process depending on the effect of light on
bichromatized gelatin. Paper coated with a mixture of the
gelatin and a pigment is called
carbon paper or
carbon tissue. This is exposed under a negative and the
film is transferred from the paper to some other support
and developed by washing (the unexposed portions being
dissolved away). If the process stops here it is called
single transfer; if the image is afterward transferred
in order to give an unreversed print, the method is called
double transfer. Collodion processCollodion Col*lo"di*on, n. [Gr. ? like glue; ko`lla glue + ?
form. Cf. Colloid.] (Chem.)
A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun cotton) in ether
containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It is strongly
adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a coating for wounds;
but its chief application is as a vehicle for the sensitive
film in photography.
Collodion process (Photog.), a process in which a film of
sensitized collodion is used in preparing the plate for
taking a picture.
Styptic collodion, collodion containing an astringent, as
tannin. D processDongola Don"go*la, n.
1. A government of Upper Egypt.
2. Dongola kid.
Dongola kid, D. leather, leather made by the Dongola
process.
D. process, a process of tanning goatskin, and now also
calfskin and sheepskin, with a combination of vegetable
and mineral agents, so that it resembles kid.
D. race, a boat race in which the crews are composed of a
number of pairs, usually of men and women. Direct processDirect Di*rect", a. [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct:
cf. F. direct. See Dress, and cf. Dirge.]
1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by
the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct
line; direct means.
What is direct to, what slides by, the question.
--Locke.
2. Straightforward; not of crooked ways, or swerving from
truth and openness; sincere; outspoken.
Be even and direct with me. --Shak.
3. Immediate; express; plain; unambiguous.
He nowhere, that I know, says it in direct words.
--Locke.
A direct and avowed interference with elections.
--Hallam.
4. In the line of descent; not collateral; as, a descendant
in the direct line.
5. (Astron.) In the direction of the general planetary
motion, or from west to east; in the order of the signs;
not retrograde; -- said of the motion of a celestial body.
Direct action. (Mach.) See Direct-acting.
Direct discourse (Gram.), the language of any one quoted
without change in its form; as, he said ``I can not
come;' -- correlative to indirect discourse, in which
there is change of form; as, he said that he could not
come. They are often called respectively by their Latin
names, oratio directa, and oratio obliqua.
Direct evidence (Law), evidence which is positive or not
inferential; -- opposed to circumstantial, or indirect,
evidence. -- This distinction, however, is merely formal,
since there is no direct evidence that is not
circumstantial, or dependent on circumstances for its
credibility. --Wharton.
Direct examination (Law), the first examination of a
witness in the orderly course, upon the merits. --Abbott.
Direct fire (Mil.), fire, the direction of which is
perpendicular to the line of troops or to the parapet
aimed at.
Direct process (Metal.), one which yields metal in working
condition by a single process from the ore. --Knight.
Direct tax, a tax assessed directly on lands, etc., and
polls, distinguished from taxes on merchandise, or
customs, and from excise. Flotation process
Flotation process Flotation process
A process of separating the substances contained in
pulverized ore or the like by depositing the mixture on the
surface of a flowing liquid, the substances that are quickly
wet readily overcoming the surface tension of the liquid and
sinking, the others flowing off in a film or slime on the
surface, though, perhaps, having a greater specific gravity
than those that sink.
Gaultheria procumbensWintergreen Win"ter*green`, n. (Bot.)
A plant which keeps its leaves green through the winter.
Note: In England, the name wintergreen is applied to the
species of Pyrola which in America are called
English wintergreen, and shin leaf (see Shin leaf,
under Shin.) In America, the name wintergreen is
given to Gaultheria procumbens, a low evergreen
aromatic plant with oval leaves clustered at the top of
a short stem, and bearing small white flowers followed
by red berries; -- called also checkerberry, and
sometimes, though improperly, partridge berry.
Chickweed wintergreen, a low perennial primulaceous herb
(Trientalis Americana); -- also called star flower.
Flowering wintergreen, a low plant (Polygala paucifolia)
with leaves somewhat like those of the wintergreen
(Gaultheria), and bearing a few showy, rose-purple
blossoms.
Spotted wintergreen, a low evergreen plant (Chimaphila
maculata) with ovate, white-spotted leaves. Gaultheria procumbensPartridge Par"tridge, n. [OE. partriche, pertriche, OF.
pertris, perdriz, F. perdrix, L. perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. ?.]
(Zo["o]l.)
1. Any one of numerous species of small gallinaceous birds of
the genus Perdix and several related genera of the
family Perdicid[ae], of the Old World. The partridge is
noted as a game bird.
Full many a fat partrich had he in mew. --Chaucer.
Note: The common European, or gray, partridge (Perdix
cinerea) and the red-legged partridge (Caccabis
rubra) of Southern Europe and Asia are well-known
species.
2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging
to Colinus, and allied genera. [U.S.]
Note: Among them are the bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) of
the Eastern States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge
(Oreortyx pictus) of California; the Massena
partridge (Cyrtonyx Montezum[ae]); and the California
partridge (Callipepla Californica).
3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). [New Eng.]
Bamboo partridge (Zo["o]l.), a spurred partridge of the
genus Bambusicola. Several species are found in China
and the East Indies.
Night partridge (Zo["o]l.), the woodcock. [Local, U.S.]
Painted partridge (Zo["o]l.), a francolin of South Africa
(Francolinus pictus).
Partridge berry. (Bot.)
(a) The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant
(Mitchella repens) of the order Rubiace[ae],
having roundish evergreen leaves, and white fragrant
flowers sometimes tinged with purple, growing in pairs
with the ovaries united, and producing the berries
which remain over winter; also, the plant itself.
(b) The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria
procumbens); also, the plant itself.
Partridge dove (Zo["o]l.) Same as Mountain witch, under
Mountain.
Partridge pea (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous herb
(Cassia Cham[ae]crista), common in sandy fields in the
Eastern United States.
Partridge shell (Zo["o]l.), a large marine univalve shell
(Dolium perdix), having colors variegated like those of
the partridge.
Partridge wood
(a) A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It
is obtained from tropical America, and one source of
it is said to be the leguminous tree Andira inermis.
Called also pheasant wood.
(b) A name sometimes given to the dark-colored and
striated wood of some kind of palm, which is used for
walking sticks and umbrella handles.
Sea partridge (Zo["o]l.), an Asiatic sand partridge
(Ammoperdix Bonhami); -- so called from its note.
Snow partridge (Zo["o]l.), a large spurred partridge
(Lerwa nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains of
Asia.
Spruce partridge. See under Spruce.
Wood partridge, or Hill partridge (Zo["o]l.), any small
Asiatic partridge of the genus Arboricola. Gaultheria procumbensBoxberry Box"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)
The wintergreen. (Gaultheria procumbens). [Local, U.S.] Gaultheria procumbensGaultheria Gaul*the"ri*a, n. [NL.] (Bot.)
A genus of ericaceous shrubs with evergreen foliage, and,
often, edible berries. It includes the American winter-green
(Gaultheria procumbens), and the larger-fruited salal of
Northwestern America (Gaultheria Shallon). Gayley process
Gayley process Gay"ley proc"ess (Med.)
The process of removing moisture from the blast of an iron
blast furnace by reducing its temperature so far that it will
not remain suspended as vapor in the blast current, but will
be deposited as snow in the cooling apparatus. The resultant
uniformly dehydrated blast effects great economy in fuel
consumption, and promotes regularity of furnace operation,
and certainty of furnace control.
German processGerman Ger"man, a. [L. Germanus. See German, n.]
Of or pertaining to Germany.
German Baptists. See Dunker.
German bit, a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical
pod and a scew point.
German carp (Zo["o]l.), the crucian carp.
German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria Italica,
var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food.
German paste, a prepared food for caged birds.
German process (Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore
in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary.
--Raymond.
German sarsaparilla, a substitute for sarsaparilla extract.
German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly
cooked.
German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy, hard and
tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in
the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying
proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag
at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to
make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical
with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly much
used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings
of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other
white alloys.
German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a
forge, with charcoal for fuel.
German text (Typog.), a character resembling modern German
type, used in English printing for ornamental headings,
etc., as in the words,
Note: This line is German Text.
German tinder. See Amadou. Harvey process
Harvey process Har"vey proc"ess (Metal.)
A process of hardening the face of steel, as armor plates,
invented by Hayward A. Harvey of New Jersey, consisting in
the additional carburizing of the face of a piece of low
carbon steel by subjecting it to the action of carbon under
long-continued pressure at a very high heat, and then to a
violent chilling, as by a spray of cold water. This process
gives an armor plate a thick surface of extreme hardness
supported by material gradually decreasing in hardness to the
unaltered soft steel at the back.
Krupp processKrupp process Krupp process (Iron Metal.)
(a) A process practiced by Friedrich Krupp, Essen, Germany,
for washing pig iron, differing from the Bell process in
using manganese as well as iron oxide, and performed in a
Pernot furnace. Called also the Bell-Krupp process.
(b) A process for the manufacture of steel armor plates,
invented or practiced by Krupp, the details of which are
secret. It is understood to involve the addition of
chromium as well as nickel to the metal, and to include a
treatment like that of the Harvey process with unknown
variations or additions. The product is mentioned by some
authors, as improved Harvey, or Harvey-Krupp armor plate. Manhes process
Manhes process Man`h[`e]s" proc"ess (Copper Metal.)
A process by which copper matte is treated by passing through
it a blast of air, to oxidize and remove sulphur. It is
analogous in apparatus to the Bessemer process for
decarbonizing cast iron. So called from Pierre Manh[`e]s, a
French metallurgist, who invented it.
Mesne processMesne Mesne, a. [Cf. Mean intermediate.] (Law)
Middle; intervening; as, a mesne lord, that is, a lord who
holds land of a superior, but grants a part of it to another
person, in which case he is a tenant to the superior, but
lord or superior to the second grantee, and hence is called
the mesne lord.
Mesne process, intermediate process; process intervening
between the beginning and end of a suit, sometimes
understood to be the whole process preceding the
execution. --Blackstone. Burrill.
Mesne profits, profits of premises during the time the
owner has been wrongfully kept out of the possession of
his estate. --Burrill. Spinous process of a vertebraSpinous Spi"nous, a.
1. Spinose; thorny.
2. Having the form of a spine or thorn; spinelike.
Spinous process of a vertebra (Anat.), the dorsal process
of the neural arch of a vertebra; a neurapophysis.
Meaning of proc from wikipedia
